Yersiniosis
Yersiniosis is an acute infectious disease characterized by the development of toxic-allergic reactions, intestinal syndrome. This disease has a fecal-oral transmission pathway. The natural reservoir of ierisiniosis is rodents, dogs and livestock, the incubation period is short and lasts no more than seven days.
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
The causative agent of ierisiniosis is a gram–negative motile rod, an anaerobic facultative, that is, capable of carrying out its vital activity in the absence of oxygen. The wand tolerates low temperatures well, in the refrigerator at a relative temperature of 5-7 degrees, yersinia is not only preserved, but also multiplies. In the process of vital activity, it causes enterotoxin, endotoxin and cytotoxin.
The transmission pathway is fecal-oral and aqueous. The sources of the disease are livestock (most often pigs), dogs, rodents.
It is considered to be infectious dangerous:
Animal products: fish, meat, eggs – with insufficient heat treatment.
Polluted water, water from suspicious open water sources.
A person can occasionally become a source of illness.
A person has a low resistance to yersiniosis. More seriously ill are children and persons suffering from various immune disorders, having severe chronic diseases.
CLASSIFICATION OF YERSINIOSIS
There are three clinical forms of this disease:
Generalized form. A combination of secondary focal and gitrointestinal forms. The following diseases may develop – hepatitis, pneumonia, pyelonephritis. In severe cases, meningitis develops.
Secondary-focal form. The following pathological syndromes develop – enterocolitis, myocarditis, erythema nodosum, yersiniosis arthritis.
Gastrointestinal form. The following pathological syndromes develop – acute appendicitis, ileitis, gastroenteritis.
SYMPTOMS OF IERISINIOSIS
Like any infectious disease, yersiniosis goes through its stages of development. The incubation period of the disease is on average no more than 6 days, then the peak period is characterized by the development of various clinical syndromes, depending on the form of yersiniosis.
With the gastrointestinal form, dyspeptic syndrome develops – nausea, repeated vomiting, loose stools, flatulence.
Regardless of the form, a general intoxication syndrome develops, a high temperature rises, the patient complains of chills, headache, body aches and weakness. There is no appetite, in severe cases, exhaustion develops.
A rare clinical symptom is the development of exanthema. Exanthema is a rash of a spotty–papular nature, it can be small-point. The rash is localized in different areas of the skin, most often on the extremities (a symptom of gloves, a symptom of socks). The rash is accompanied by itching and burning, after the disappearance of flaky areas remain.
In the generalized form, hepatosplenomegaly develops – an increase in the liver and spleen.
The duration of the disease varies and can reach 3-4 weeks.
DIAGNOSIS OF YERSINIOSIS
Serological examination – ELISA, RKA, PCR diagnostics.
Examination of contaminated biological fluids.
Consultation of narrow specialists + additional research on their recommendation.
ECG, ultrasound of abdominal organs.
TREATMENT OF YERSINIOSIS
All patients are subject to urgent hospitalization in the infectious diseases department. Antibacterial agents are prescribed for the entire period of fever + 14 days after temperature stabilization. Then detoxification therapy with crystalloid solutions is carried out, symptomatic drugs are prescribed: antihistamines, glucocorticosteroids. Vitamin therapy, enzymes, immunoglobulins are carried out.
