Vascular crises

Vascular crises are a pathological condition of a patient characterized by a sudden attack of overflow of blood vessels and a violation of peripheral and central circulation. During an attack, most patients experience fear or panic attacks.

reasons
The main reason for the development of seizures is a violation of vascular tone, dysfunction of the nervous, endocrine (humoral) system and regulation. Vascular crises rarely appear by themselves, they usually accompany some diseases – congenital heart defects, large vessels, hypertension, endocrine disorders, pathological processes in the central nervous system, frostbite, atherosclerosis, inflammation of the vascular walls.

classification
All vascular crises can be divided into two large groups – local (regional) and widespread (systemic) crises.

Local crises occur, as a rule, in response to a violation of the blood supply to a certain organ or tissue site. So, at low pressure, the blood flow to the organ is excessively increased, and the outflow is reduced, and at high pressure, the flow to the organs is weakened, it may be impossible at all. Thus, blood circulation in the blood vessels is disrupted. The same processes underlie the following diseases: hypertension, Raynaud’s disease, migraines.

Common or systemic crises occur when the capacity of peripheral blood vessels and peripheral resistance changes. At the same time, blood pressure is unstable, characterized by periods of increase and decrease, signs of cardiac dysfunction appear. An example of such a crisis is collapse, hypertensive crisis, hypotonic crisis.

symptoms
Vascular crises are characterized by a variety of clinical patterns. For example, with migraines, the leading symptom is pain, mainly of a dull nature, which is accompanied by nausea, sometimes vomiting, with localization in a certain part of the head.

Cerebral crisis is characterized by the rapid onset of symptoms. As a rule, it is manifested by sudden pain, tinnitus, flashing of flies in front of the eyes, high blood pressure. Nausea, vomiting, which does not bring relief, movement coordination disorder, paralysis often appears.

Vegetative-vascular crises are manifested in disorders of humoral regulation – in particular, with an overabundance of certain chemicals in the body – acetylcholine, adrenaline, steroids, norepinephrine and others. This group of crises has its own subspecies – hyperventilation crisis (an attack of acute shortness of breath, hypertonicity of the muscles of the extremities), sympathetic-adrenal (chills, anxiety attack, panic attack, unpleasant sensations in the heart), vestibular crisis (dizziness with nausea, low blood pressure), vagosingular crisis (dizziness, lack of air, increased sweating, sinking of the heart, vomiting without relief.

treatment
It is necessary to understand that the development of a crisis is an acute condition that requires rapid medical intervention and, if not assisted, can turn into a more serious pathology.

As a rule, all attacks of vascular crises require hospitalization and emergency care. The patient needs to be provided with physical and mental peace, it turns out that symptomatic treatment is hypo or hypertension, tranquilizers, sedatives and other drugs. It is also necessary to identify the cause of the crisis and determine the therapy for the treatment of the underlying disease.

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