Uterine fibroma

Uterine fibroma is another common type of diseases of the female genital organs.

The content of the article:
Types of uterine fibroids
Causes of uterine fibroma
Symptoms of uterine fibroma
Diagnosis of uterine fibroma
Uterine fibroma and pregnancy
Treatment of uterine fibroma
Prevention of uterine fibroma
Uterine fibroma
A fibroid tumor is a benign neoplasm that includes connective tissues. The tumor body can reach thirty centimeters in diameter. Fibroma is often not malignized, however, in 3% of patients it underwent the process of degeneration into a malignant tumor.

Despite the favorable prognosis regarding the treatment of fibroma, many women are afraid of this diagnosis, because for many years during surgery fibroma was removed together with the uterus. This method of combating the disease deprived a woman of the opportunity to give birth to a child. If a woman has not had an organ amputated to preserve her childbearing function, and after a while a relapse occurred, the uterus will be removed. Modern methods of treatment, especially if it is started at the early stages of the manifestation of the disease, are able to influence the development of the tumor, preventing its malignancy.

Types of uterine fibroids
Fibroma can be localized on any uterine membrane, therefore, it is accepted to classify the neoplasm depending on the place of concentration:

Submucosal fibroma: develops under the uterine cavity membrane. Increasing in size, the tumor causes severe pain in the lower abdomen and spasms. Fibroma growth is accompanied by bleeding, so it is very difficult not to notice it.
Subserous formations: appear from the outside of the uterine membrane. The development of this type of tumor has no clear symptoms, therefore, fibroma is usually diagnosed after it reaches a large size, which will lead to a violation of the functionality of organs located next to the uterus.
Interstitial fibroma: located directly on the uterine walls. This type of disease is more common than all others and provokes a significant increase in the size of the uterus itself.
Ligamentous fibroids: localized in the cavity between the ligaments that support the uterus. In the course of treatment, most likely, there will be a need for surgical intervention. Removal of the tumor requires caution, since there is a possibility of damaging adjacent organs or vessels.
Stalked fibroma: it is manifested due to the development of a specific pedicle in a tumor of a subserous type. The inflection of this leg causes severe pain.
Parasitic fibroma: slightly different from all other types, because it exists by joining the nearest pelvic organs. Untimely therapy of a parasitic tumor can provoke the development of cervical fibroma.
Causes of uterine fibroma
Unfortunately, experts have not been able to identify certain factors that contribute to the development of fibroma. Most doctors believe that the disease is more often manifested in women with hormonal disorders. Also, a special danger is the presence of fibroma in the female line of the genus. However, as practice shows, these factors were absent in many patients, which did not prevent the development of a fibroid tumor.

The anamnesis of the patients allowed us to identify a small group of risk factors leading to the development of fibroma:

abortions;
late start of monthly discharge;
absence of childbirth in women under thirty years of age;
a difficult previous pregnancy;
indications for scraping;
taking hormonal drugs as a contraceptive;
chronic diseases of the reproductive system;
irregular sex life;
fatness;
endocrinological diseases;
diabetes mellitus;
regular stress.
Women who belong to the Negroid race suffer from fibroid tumors much more often than Europeans.

Uterine fibroma causes: the age of the patients also matters. The disease develops in women aged twenty to sixty years:

the number of patients under the age of twenty is 20% of cases of the disease;
in 30% of cases, the average age of women does not reach thirty years;
about 40% of the total number of patients are occupied by forty-year-old ladies.
We have already noted earlier that uterine fibroma has a high degree of dependence on the hormonal background. Therefore, the tumor does not manifest in girls who have not yet had menstruation, and in women of menopausal age. A woman’s pregnancy, which increases estrogen synthesis, can accelerate the development of fibroma. After the completion of the birth process, the number of fibroid nodes gradually decreases and returns to the initial indicators. Menopause stops the growth of uterine fibroma, sometimes there is a disappearance of the tumor.

Symptoms of uterine fibroma
Often patients claim that the tumor developed asymptomatically, so sometimes a woman does not even know about the presence of fibroma in the body, which prevents its treatment. Every fourth patient who was able to give birth to a child had the following symptoms indicating the development of a tumor: the first sign of a fibroid tumor is severe bleeding in combination with clots, acute pain. Further, dizziness, decreased blood pressure, weakness, fatigue may appear. If you experience suspicious symptoms, be sure to contact specialists who will tell you what cervical fibroma is and what it is dangerous for.

Uterine fibroma, reaching a significant size, can put pressure on the pelvic organs, so there may be a feeling of slight pressure in the pelvic area. Some patients complained that they had pain in their legs and impaired bladder functionality. The tumor can also have an effect on the intestines, which provokes the occurrence of constipation and flatulence.

Often, women with uterine fibroma have an enlarged abdomen, and specialists cannot always establish the correct diagnosis, confusing it with pregnancy and obesity. Usually women turn to specialists only with discomfort and some pain during sexual intercourse.

In addition to the above factors, uterine fibroma negatively affects reproductive function.

Diagnosis of uterine fibroma
Uterine fibroma is often detected by a specialist during an initial examination in a gynecological office. A two-handed examination of the vagina will allow you to determine the pathological enlargement of the uterus and study the features of its surface. Transvaginal ultrasound examination of the organs of the pelvic cavity provides an opportunity to track down the location of the tumor, its size. It is by this method that fibroma is differentiated from ovarian cysts. Ultrasound or X-ray hysterosalpingoscopy can reveal a submucosal fibroma in the cavity of the endometrium. If the development of a fibrous tumor proceeds with complications, and uncharacteristic discharge is observed between menstruation, the doctor may prescribe an additional examination using curettage, endometrial biopsy, histological tissue analysis and MRI.

Uterine fibroma and pregnancy
Each patient worries about the possibility of carrying and giving birth to a child in the presence of a diagnosis — uterine fibroma. If the existing tumor does not manifest itself in any way and does not affect the functionality of neighboring organs, then this type of fibroma will not interfere with the conception of a child. Each rule has an exception, so if the formation blocks the fallopian tubes, problems with conceiving a child cannot be avoided — the egg will not be able to fertilize.

In some cases, a benign tumor can become a serious obstacle to the normal conception and bearing of a child. The development of large nodes in the uterine cavity, completely occupies its space and does not allow the embryo to fully develop, can provoke spontaneous termination of pregnancy at a later date. Sometimes fibroid nodes complicate pregnancy and prevent natural delivery. Tumors developing in the uterine cervix are considered particularly dangerous fibroids, since only they can interfere with the birth canal, preventing the fetal head from moving through the birth canal. Often, such fibroids cause blood to flow and contribute to birth injuries. Analyzing the existing threats, it can be concluded that women with uterine fibroma should be under the vigilant supervision of obstetricians and gynecologists.

Treatment of uterine fibroma
Fibroma therapy consists in analyzing the anamnesis and studying the characteristics of each patient’s body. For example, women who do not plan to give birth or who have lost such an opportunity due to their advanced age may be shown removal of the uterus, and for young girls who are still going to give birth to a child, a more gentle method of treatment is selected – minimally invasive or using myomectomy. Cervical fibroma, symptoms and treatment of the tumor depend solely on the hormonal background of a woman, her age and the individual reactions of the body to certain manipulations.

During the therapy of uterine fibroids , the following methods can be used:

organ -preserving operation;
laparotomy;
laparoscopy;
hysteroresectoscopy;
myomectomy;
amputation of the supravaginal part of the uterus.
Every woman diagnosed with uterine fibroma should be under the supervision of specialists: gynecologist and gynecologist-endocrinologist. Doctors can monitor the development of the neoplasm, monitor its growth and monitor the symptoms. If the tumor does not bother the patient, then you should not start treatment.

When the tumor increases significantly, the first symptoms appear, indicating the development of the disease, it is necessary to use hormone therapy. Treatment of this type is based on a decrease in the body’s production of estrogen. The hormones Gestrinone and Danazol are suitable for this purpose. Unfortunately, the use of hormones carries a lot of negative consequences: bone tissue is thinned, back pain, there may be some malfunctions in the intestines, excess weight.

The effectiveness in the treatment of uterine fibroma was distinguished by the hormonal system — the intrauterine contraceptive “Mirena”, the main component of which is a gestagenic hormone that can stop the growth of a fibroid tumor of the uterus. You can stop the growth of nodes up to two centimeters in size with the help of KOK — Janine, Regulon, Yarin.

The use of hormonal drugs for the treatment of fibroma is not the only way to treat it. Often doctors prescribe a number of symptomatic drugs: antispasmodics, all kinds of vitamins and supplements, preparations with iron content.

The operative method is used for large fibroid nodes, tissue necrosis and pronounced symptoms.

If a woman is going to give birth to a child, then measures to preserve the organ will be applied during pregnancy. Such operations involve the enucleation of the fibroma node while preserving the functionality of the uterus.

The following factors influence the appointment of conservative therapy of uterine fibroids:

indicators of the tumor body size up to the twelfth week of fetal gestation in case of pregnancy;
localization of fibroma nodes under the abdominal cavity and in the depth of muscle tissues;
absence of clearly expressed symptoms;
positive trends in the use of the operative method;
focus on saving the patient’s childbearing function;
preparation for surgery and rehabilitation period, which lasts an average of two weeks.
The most modern method is surgical intervention involving the closure of vascular lumen feeding uterine fibroma. Blocked blood access to the tumor stops the growth of the node. Uterine amputation — hysterectomy is characterized by its radicality.

Complications and prognosis in uterine fibroma can be provoked by twisting of the leg, necrosis of the tumor node and possible hemorrhages. Twisting of the leg usually has symptoms of an acute abdomen, and necrosis is accompanied by fever. With severe bleeding, uterine fibroma can cause the development of anemia. Serious complications may occur after surgery: infectious infection, bleeding, formation of adhesions in the pelvic cavity, development of synechiae inside the uterus. After the use of conservative therapy, more than half of the patients restore reproductive function and give birth to healthy babies. If the tumor therapy was not so radical, then there is a threat of re-formation and progression of new fibroid tumors.

Prevention of uterine fibroma
It is very difficult to identify certain methods that prevent the development of fibroma, since the causes of its occurrence and development have not been thoroughly studied. Experts advise to exclude abortions, uncontrolled use of hormonal contraceptives. It is necessary to monitor your health and immediately treat any diseases, preventing their development to a chronic form. The most effective method of prevention is a regular gynecological examination and examination of the internal genitals using ultrasound. You should visit the doctor about twice a year, then it will be possible to detect fibroma even of small size and prevent its development with further influence on the organs located next to the uterus. Moreover, a specialist in gynecology and endocrinology will tell you in detail about what uterine fibroma is from what happens.

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