Ulcerative nonspecific colitis
Ulcerative nonspecific colitis is a gastroenterological disease characterized by diffuse inflammation of the mucous layer of the colon. Complements the clinical picture of the frequent development of serious complications, accompanied by painful sensations such as contractions. Also, with nonspecific ulcerative colitis, diarrhea develops with blood inclusions up to intestinal bleeding.
Ulcerative non-specific colitis is a chronic disease that is most common in women than in men. The disease affects two age groups, the first of which is 15-25 years old, and the second falls on people over the age of 65. Despite this, there are other age-related cases of the disease.
When diagnosing ulcerative colitis, differential diagnosis with Crohn’s disease is required. NYAK, unlike Crohn’s disease, affects only the mucosa of the large intestine.
CAUSES OF THE DISEASE
Unfortunately, modern medicine cannot answer the question of the actual causes. Capable of causing ulcerative colitis. According to experts, the role of the disease is played by immune factors, as well as genetic predisposition. Also, as doctors note, the disease is of a “family” nature – that is, there are often clinical cases of the disease in a person in whose family history close relatives also suffer from a similar disease.
Another theory about the occurrence of ulcerative colitis implies the presence of pathology in the penetration of certain viruses that provoke the immune system to respond to an autoimmune type.
TYPES OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Ulcerative colitis is classified according to the extent of the lesion, as well as according to the anatomical principle. Thus, they share:
Left-sided ulcerative colitis is a lesion of the sigmoid colon, descending intestine
Proctitis
Total colitis is a lesion of the entire large intestine
Symptoms of ulcerative colitis
Since ulcerative nonspecific colitis is a chronic disease, the clinical picture is characterized by a wave-like course, the symptoms then subside, then worsen. During periods of exacerbation of the disease , the following symptoms are noted:
Spastic pain attacks
Diarrhea with an admixture of blood. Diarrhea can be very abundant.
Tenesmus – false urge to defecate, causing reflex contraction of sphincters
The pain is localized in the lower abdomen
Sometimes massive bleeding develops
Often, bleeding can be the only clinical symptom of colitis.
In addition to problems with physiological functions, patients complain of loss of appetite, which, against the background of constant diarrhea, leads to a rapid loss of body weight.
With the development of total (generalized) ulcerative colitis, a life-threatening condition develops for the patient, which can be complicated by the development of collapse, hemorrhagic shock (as a result of loss of a large volume of blood).
The most dangerous form of the disease is the lightning-fast course of colitis. Most often in this form, there is a rupture of the wall of the large intestine, the outflow of its contents into the abdominal cavity and the further development of peritonitis.
DIAGNOSIS OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
The main informative method necessary for accurate diagnosis determination is colonoscopy. This method allows you to see the lesions of the mucous membrane of the rectum in the most detailed and accurate way.
The second mandatory method is irrigoscopy, X–ray. According to the results of these studies, it is possible to assess the depth of the lesion of the mucous layer, as well as the presence of defects in the intestinal wall.
TREATMENT OF ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Since the specific causes of ulcerative colitis are unknown, the main treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms, as well as relieving the inflammatory process. All patients with NYAK are prescribed a special diet without fail. In complex clinical cases, the patient is forced to refuse to eat at all, limiting himself to the use of liquid. If necessary, parenteral nutrition is prescribed. In the future, when symptoms subside, patients are shown a high-protein diet.
Also, patients are prescribed the following groups of drugs – immunosuppressants, drugs that reduce inflammatory processes. With severe pain syndrome, analgesics and antidiarrheal are prescribed. With massive bleeding, iron preparations are prescribed.
Surgical treatment is resorted to only in case of ineffectiveness of therapeutic treatment. The patient is undergoing colon resection, an ileorectal anastomosis is created (the iliac part of the small intestine is connected to the anus.
