True eczema
True eczema is a severe dermatological disease that is chronic and difficult to treat. Eczema is characterized by the development of vesicles, hyperemia, papules on the skin, which are accompanied by serous discharge, itching and general discomfort of the patient.
CAUSES OF ECZEMA
Eczema is a polyethological disease that has many reasons for its development. The main causes include pathologies of endocrine and metabolic processes, infectious and allergic aspects, hereditary predisposition. The lability of the nervous system is also of great importance.
The majority of patients with true eczema have the following laboratory features – an atypical ratio of T and B lymphocytes (a lack of T-lymphocytes and an overabundance of B-lymphocytes), which only confirms the violation of immune processes.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS OF ECZEMA
Lability of the nervous system against the background of stable nervous overstrain.
Vegetative-vascular dystonia.
Diabetes mellitus.
Gastritis and duodenal ulcer.
Hyperthyroidism.
Chronic infectious diseases.
SYMPTOMS OF TRUE ECZEMA
Since true eczema is a chronic disease that can last for years, there are two periods – acute and remission.
In the acute period of eczema, under the influence of any aggressive factors, small hyperemic areas appear on the skin, on which a small rash appears after a short time. The rash consists of small vesicles and papules. Vesicles quickly open up, forming small erosions that quickly merge, forming a massive erosive surface.
Erosions secrete a large amount of serous exudate. Devoid of any protective properties, the erosive surface quickly becomes the site of secondary infection, which can greatly ruin the situation.
In the future, as the inflammation subsides, crusts remain in place. Falling away, crusts can leave slight traces of depigmentation. All symptoms are accompanied by severe itching, which can sometimes even interfere with the normal rhythm of life.
During the period of remission, characteristic skin changes can be noted. It becomes more dense, rough. The color of the skin also undergoes changes, acquiring a bluish-red hue. Symptoms of lichenification appear.
DIAGNOSIS OF TRUE ECZEMA
The clinical picture of true eczema is so typical that diagnosis, as a rule, is not difficult. The dermatologist pays special attention to such factors that served as a trigger for the onset of the disease.
Laboratory tests are also carried out – a general blood test, biochemical (determination of immunoglobulins). If there are signs of secondary infection, the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics are determined.
If the diagnosis causes difficulties, a biopsy is performed.
TREATMENT OF TRUE ECZEMA
Treatment of true eczema can be divided into two stages:
Acute period. At this stage, the patient is prescribed antihistamines. At the very beginning of the disease, only first-generation antihistamines are used. With further treatment, they switch to antihistamines of subsequent generations. In severe cases, symptoms can be stopped only with the help of glucocorticosteroids – betamethasone, prednisone.
To stop the exudate separation, a short course of calcium gluconate is prescribed. In addition, lotions with astringent preparations (tannin, resorcinol) are used locally. These drugs create a specific film on the erosive surface, thereby creating a protective barrier for the attachment of secondary infection.
You can proceed to the second stage of treatment only during remission. Courses of physiotherapy, phototherapy are prescribed, laser therapy gives a good effect. Also prescribes a diet, which the patient must adhere to for quite a long time.
