Stomatitis
Stomatitis is an inflammatory disease of the oral cavity caused by various causes. Stomatitis can be both acute and chronic with periodic relapses. Stomatitis manifests itself with various morphological inflammatory elements on the mucous membrane.
reasons
Mechanical traumatization of the oral mucosa
Acute infectious diseases – chickenpox, herpes, scarlet fever, shingles and others
Systemic immune disorders – generalized candidiasis of internal organs
Chemical and thermal burns
Abuse of antibiotics without the use of antimycotic drugs (Nystatin, Levorin)
Emotional experiences, constant stress
Unbalanced insufficient nutrition
Allergoses, spring period
Disorders of the endocrine system – hormonal failures
Genetic predisposition
Violations of oral hygiene
Acute and chronic somatic diseases, chronic inflammatory processes in the body, chronic recurrent herpes
Drug, alcohol and smoking abuse
The use of low-quality dentures
Prolonged vomiting
Poisoning with heavy metal salts
Dehydration and exicosis phenomena
symptoms
The patient complains of soreness in the mouth, swelling, difficulty in taking food and liquids. When examining the oral cavity, hyperemia of the mucous membranes of the cheeks, tongue, gums, and soft palate is detected. The oral mucosa is covered with polymorphic elements – ulcers, bubbles. Possible curd rashes interspersed. In severe forms of candidiasis stomatitis, the entire mucous membrane of the oral cavity is covered with a white coating. The plaque is easily cleaned off, exposes the erosive surface. This form of stomatitis is accompanied by a pronounced pain syndrome – the patient cannot eat or drink at all. Usually small ulcers are formed in large numbers, and they tend to merge and form a large ulcer – the edges of such an erosive surface are uneven, torn. The bottom of the ulcer may be covered with a whitish or grayish coating. There is hyperemia and slight swelling around the affected area of the mucosa. Hemorrhagic rash can join the ulcers.
With stomatitis with the development of necrosis, the ulcer darkens after a few days, a fetid smell from the mouth appears. The patient and his surroundings feel this smell equally.
The duration of the average stomatitis reaches up to two weeks. In severe forms of stomatitis (with the development of necrosis, with generalized candidiasis), the course of the disease drags on, proceeds with complications and a vivid clinical picture.
diagnostics
The diagnosis of stomatitis is easy to make due to the easily recognizable clinical picture. This requires an examination of the oral cavity, if necessary, smears and scrapings are taken from the oral mucosa, additional laboratory blood tests are prescribed.
treatment
Specific stomatitis (candidiasis, herpetic) requires etiotropic treatment. Thus, candidiasis stomatitis is treated with shock doses of antifungal drugs, such as fluconazole, nystatin and others. Along with antimycotics, drugs that improve the intestinal microflora are prescribed, since it is designed to fight fungi that enter the body. Herpetic stomatitis is treated with antiviral drugs – Acyclovir and its derivatives.
Local treatment consists in rinsing the oral cavity with antiseptic solutions – soda, chamomile, furacilin. A gentle diet is prescribed – the food should be liquid, at room temperature, spicy dishes are excluded.
