Stomach ulcer

Stomach ulcer

Stomach ulcer is a chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, manifested in the formation of a defect (ulcers, erosion) in the stomach wall under the influence of aggressive factors.

reasons
Chronic infection with a helicobacterium bacterium.
Long-term intake of some diseases on an empty stomach: nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, naklofen, nemesil and others.
Genetic predisposition.
Improper, irrational nutrition. Eating excessively harsh, traumatic and coarse food, spicy, salty, marinades, fried and fatty foods.
Stress, depression.
Alcohol abuse.
Eating too hot food is a permanent thermal burn of the gastric mucosa.
SYMPTOMS OF STOMACH ULCERS
The main symptom of an ulcer is pain. The pain varies in the time of its occurrence, depending on the location of the ulcer. Pain can occur immediately after eating, after 2-3 hours and “hunger pains”, night pains. Dyspeptic disorders are added to the pain: heartburn, a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen, belching with air, rotten or sour, throwing gastric contents into the upper esophagus, nausea, there may be a single and even multiple vomiting. In the acute period, body weight and appetite decrease, the patient looks sluggish, pale, asthenic.

diagnostics
Laboratory diagnostics: clinical (general blood test) – an increase in hemoglobin, erythrocytes, sometimes anemia (with gastrointestinal bleeding), leukocytosis, a high rate of erythrocyte sedimentation is observed with a complicated course of stomach ulcers. Feces are also examined for hidden blood (during preparation, a slagless diet is observed for 3 days, red and orange products are excluded, meat and fish are excluded).
Determination of the acidity level of stomach contents, determination of pH
Stomach radiography with a preliminary X–ray contrast agent – a visible defect in the form of a niche or a curvature of the curvature of the stomach, a pit, and so on is formed in the picture.
Endoscopic examinations: esophagogastroduadenoscopy – visual confirmation of the presence of an ulcer, determination of the localization, depth of the lesion, the presence of bleeding, the shape and size of the erosive area. Also, during this study, a biopsy of ulcers, tissues bordering the affected areas is taken for histological examination – diagnosis of precancerous and cancerous processes.
Bacteriological examination – sowing of stomach contents, diagnosis of the presence of helicobacter infection, determination of sensitivity to antibiotics.
treatment
The main treatment consists in the rehabilitation of Helicobacter pylori. To relieve heartburn, belching, bloating, antacid drugs (Gaviscon, Almagel, Almagel-A) enzymes are prescribed, antisecretory drugs are prescribed that reduce the acidity of gastric juice and facilitate aggressive action on the affected area of the gastric mucosa. Diet therapy (table No. 1), fractional nutrition 5-6 times a day, exclusion of alcohol, smoking, replacement of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (aspirin) with analogues that do not contribute to the formation of ulcers is mandatory.

COMPLICATIONS OF STOMACH ULCERS
Perforation is the formation of a pathological hole in the wall of the stomach with the expiration of the contents of the stomach into the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
Gastrointestinal bleeding, with vomiting of coffee grounds and melena (tar-like stool)
Stomach stenosis is a pathological narrowing of the entrance and exit from the stomach
Malignancy of the ulcer – the transition to a precancerous tumor
Stomach cancer
Penetration – germination of scars and ulcers to nearby organs
Cholecystitis, biliary dyskinesia
PREVENTION OF STOMACH ULCERS
Rational work regime and rest
Compliance with the rules of rational, proper nutrition
Giving up bad habits
Taking NSAIDs only after meals
Preventive treatment in the autumn-spring period

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