Salmonellosis

Salmonellosis is an intestinal infection caused by bacteria from the genus of salmonella (hence the name). These bacteria are able to maintain their activity in the external environment for a long time (in foods, beverages, soil), getting from the external environment into the human body and causing salmonellosis.

CAUSES OF THE DISEASE
In dairy and meat products, salmonella is able not only to maintain its activity, but even to multiply, while the taste and appearance of the products do not change. Moreover, salting, smoking and even deep freezing have practically no effect on bacteria. Thus, eating infected meat, milk and eggs becomes the main cause of infection with salmonellosis. In addition, you can get infected from a sick person when you come into contact with him.

kinds
It is customary to distinguish the following clinical varieties of salmonellosis:

The localized form (gastrointestinal) is one of the most common, manifests itself in the form of acute gastritis, gastroenteritis or gastroenterocolitis.
Generalized form is a disease that manifests itself as an acute onset, intestinal disorders, general intoxication and fever, rash, wheezing in the lungs.
Bacteriocarriage – there are no symptoms of the disease as such in this case, the person simply remains a carrier of bacteria.
Subclinical form – there are no symptoms, and the only sign of infection is the presence of salmonella in the feces.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
With salmonellosis , the following signs are most often observed:

Severe headache,
Chills and temperature rise to 38-39 degrees,
General weakness, a feeling of aching in the bones,
Deterioration of appetite and sleep.
All these symptoms appear a few hours after the bacteria enter the body. After 2-3 days, signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract appear. The patient begins to experience severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting begin, prolonged diarrhea, bowel movements become watery and greenish, often with an admixture of blood.

diagnostics
The diagnosis of “salmonellosis” is made by a doctor based on the collection of anamnesis and confirmed by subsequent studies (bacteriological and serological analyses). Blood, urine, stool samples, vomit, bile are given for analysis.

In the absence of timely diagnosis and initiation of treatment, complications are possible: peritonitis, infectious shock, joint inflammation.

PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
As a rule, the treatment of salmonellosis is carried out on an outpatient basis. Hospitalization is indicated only for young children and elderly patients, as well as medical and food industry workers in order to prevent infection of other persons and food.

There are several directions in the treatment of salmonellosis:

Prescribing antibiotics to fight bacteria,
Oral administration of solutions to prevent dehydration of the body with diarrhea and vomiting,
Prescribing drugs to accelerate the elimination of toxins from the body,
Restoration of normal microflora in the intestine,
Special diet,
General strengthening measures.
PREVENTION
To date, there is no vaccine against salmonellosis. The only possible way of prevention is to observe personal hygiene and careful processing of food before eating them. First of all, this applies to animal products purchased in the markets, as well as chicken eggs. All these products must necessarily undergo thorough heat treatment. It is also not recommended to eat confectionery purchased on the markets and from the hands, since there is a high risk of infection with salmonellosis from products produced at enterprises that do not comply with the sanitary regime.

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