Rubromycosis
Rubromycosis is a mycotic disease of the skin, the causative agent of which is Trichophyton rubrum. Its high enzymatic activity affects the skin of the feet, and sometimes the surface in the folds. Much less often there is a lesion of fluffy and long hair. There are several varieties of rubromycosis: fluffy, gypsum-like, velvety. The most aggressive is gypsum-like. It usually affects the feet.
The content of the article:
The mechanism of infection with rubromycosis
Symptoms of rubromycosis
Clinical manifestations of generalized rubromycosis
Diagnosis of rubromycosis
Treatment of rubromycosis
Rubromycosis
The mechanism of infection with rubromycosis
Infection occurs during contact with a sick person. But infection is also common due to the use of common household items. In order to inoculate the causative agent of this disease, antibacterial drugs, as well as hormonal and cytostatics are used.
It is known that a violation of vascular tone, as well as a change in blood circulation in the extremities, which is so often observed in a variety of diseases, affects the contamination of fungal spores. It is certain that the transferred disease does not affect the development of immunity. As for the incubation period of the disease, it has not yet been precisely established. In the case of contact of the fungus with spores, a long-term carrier develops, which is why a person who does not have clinical manifestations of rubromycosis can become a carrier of the pathogen.
Symptoms of rubromycosis
Rubromycosis of the feet is usually diagnosed in more than 90% of cases of ailments that were caused by Tr. Rubrum. After the incubation period, all the interdigital areas are usually affected, then the skin of the soles is affected.
In appearance, the skin that has been affected by rubromycosis is dry and infiltrated, diffuse hyperemia is also noted, the pattern on the skin becomes clearer. On the damaged area of the dermis, bright mucoid peeling is visible, which is more intense in the places of the grooves. If there is no treatment for rubromycosis, the disease spreads to the back and side of the feet and to the fingers. In children, exudation is noted on damaged feet, which contributes to difficult diagnosis.
In the case of chronic rubromycosis, it can affect the nail plate, spreading to other places.
If we talk about rubromycosis of the hands, then it occurs through self—infection, less often it is diagnosed primarily. The clinic is the same as in the case of foot damage, but not as intense due to frequent hand washing. Along the periphery of the foci, an intermittent roller can be noticed, passing to the back of the palm.
As for nail rubromycosis, it is diagnosed with existing skin lesions. The latter is considered a separate disease, which is very rare. For rubromycosis of nails, the defeat of all nail plates at once is inherent. Yellow or white stripes appear on the side of the nail, which are translucent through the nail.
In the case of a hypertrophic variant of rubromycosis of the nails, the nail itself is thickened and soon begins to break or crumble, hyperkeratosis (sub-elbow) is also observed, not often, but yellow stripes are inherent. In the case of an atrophic form, the nail gradually becomes thin and collapses. The remains of such a nail are located near the nail roller, and sometimes the plate itself is separated from its bed.
Clinical manifestations of generalized rubromycosis
If we talk about the generalization of rubromycosis, then it occurs only after the prolonged existence of limited forms. Diseases associated with internal organs, nervous and endocrine systems, changes in the skin are considered the main cause of the generalization of rubromycosis. Also, the side effects of various medications, including antibiotics, cytostatics and hormones, should be attributed to the causes. The lack of proper treatment of the forms of the disease is also considered to be the cause of the disease.
If we talk about the erythematous-squamous form of rubromycosis, then it is concentrated on various parts of the dermis, accompanied by a characteristic itching and masquerades as another disease. Only a doctor can distinguish this form from atopic dermatitis, atypical eczema and parapsoriasis.
You can confirm the mycotic nature by examining the damaged area. It is known that the lesions are located in groups, they often form rings, arcs and even garlands. In the case of hyperpigmentation or peeling (localized from the center to the periphery), the skin change is mycotic in nature. The edges of the scalloped nature with the existing edematous intermittent rollers are considered signs of rubromycosis. Usually the disease is characterized by a wave-like course with further exacerbations, which are observed in the warm season.
The follicular-nodular form of rubromycosis affects the feet, hands, shins, forearms and buttocks. Rubromycosis particles have a tendency to peripheral growth, as well as to fusion. Such elements are characterized by similarities with nodular vasculitis and nodular erythema. If the skin of the face is involved in the process, then the clinic of manifestations is very similar to the manifestations of lupus erythematosus.
Rubromycosis can affect the interstitial folds, the dermis located under the mammary glands, and people who are overweight often suffer from excessive sweating. Lesions are considered infiltrated. Often their surface has a yellowish-red color (or brown), peeling is visible, which is characterized by a transition from the center closer to the periphery.
Due to the presence of an intermittent scalloped roller, which has crusts and papules, rubromycosis can be distinguished from a number of diseases, for example, from microbial eczema and candida infection. It is very important to identify the absence of maceration in the diagnosis. The latter is inherent in candidiasis. And the absence of polymorphism will allow you to say for sure that a person is not sick with eczema.
Diagnosis of rubromycosis
Although rubromycosis in its clinical manifestations is often similar to various skin diseases, however, the main symptoms are specific, so even with careful examination, a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis. In order to confirm the diagnosis, cytological examination of the taken pathological material is usually carried out. To detect the exact pathogen, sowing and other examination are carried out, which helps to identify the sensitivity of the disease to various medications. Speaking of differential diagnosis, it is carried out with microbial eczema, psoriasis and tuberculosis of the skin. If the lesion has captured the skin of the face, then it is necessary to distinguish the disease from lupus erythematosus.
Treatment of rubromycosis
If the swelling and wetting of the affected dermis have obvious manifestations, then local sedatives are used, including all kinds of lotions and cooling gels. It will be very important to normalize the work of the gastrointestinal tract and cure various kinds of systemic diseases. If a person has noticed the appearance of allergies, including allergies to inhaled fungal spores, then desensitizing drugs should be prescribed (including those that affect inhaled fungal spores). Desensitizing drugs and those that reduce the production of histamine (Telfast and Claritin) are also prescribed.
After the inflammatory process subsides, the doctor prescribes keratolytic medications in order to detach the epidermis, which has been thickened. Otherwise, the use of antifungal ointments and gels will be ineffective. It is possible to clean the surface well from keratinized skin using soap-soda baths or branches, as well as using a scalpel (or nail scissors). When pain occurs while walking, crutches are used, otherwise the bandage impregnated with keratolytic substance will slip onto healthy skin.
After exfoliation of the keratinized skin, its treatment begins. The affected parts of the body are treated with antimycotic drugs. Terbizil, Mifungar and Thermicon are often used for treatment. The duration of treatment is up to six months, after which they take a break, and if necessary, repeat treatment. The course of treatment is considered general when the doctor also prescribes drugs for oral use.
In the case of rubromycosis of smooth skin, it is not necessary to talk about the need for detachment of the epidermis. Therapy begins with the use of antifungal ointments and drugs inside the body. Experts recommend sticking to a certain diet, which would be dominated by proteins and products containing vitamin A and E. The latter helps in the process of skin regeneration. Treatment of other parallel diseases is carried out against the background. During the treatment of rubromycosis of nails, antifungal patches, nail polishes (for example, Lotzeril, Batrafen, Microspore) are also used. Often, such kits include not only a patch and ointment, but also a special scraper that allows you to overcome the manifestations of the disease. Sometimes surgical removal of the nail plate itself is necessary.
The process of treating rubromycosis itself is very long, so the patient should be patient and follow the intake of all necessary medications, since irregular medication intake and treatment with failures will only allow developing drug resistance in the pathogen that caused rubromycosis.
Regular change of underwear, washing with the addition of soda powder, ironing clothes will help to destroy possible spores of rubromycosis, preventing its recurrence. A person suffering from rubromycosis should be provided with separate household items, he should avoid direct contact with people, so as not to infect them.
Since this disease is common among the urban population, its prevention should be given great importance. First of all, employees of baths and saunas, swimming pools and various sports complexes should monitor their health in order not to become a carrier of the causative agent of rubromycosis. If you are a frequent visitor to such institutions, then a preventive examination carried out by a dermatologist will be mandatory, since each person can be a potential carrier of rubromycosis, while not suffering from obvious clinical manifestations. It is always necessary to have your own bath accessories, it is necessary to refuse to wear someone else’s clothes. The latter will reduce the likelihood of rubromycosis and other infectious diseases.
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