Polio

Polio is an acute infectious viral disease, mainly affecting the nervous system. Currently, the infection is under control due to the introduction of mandatory vaccination of children at an early age.

ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
The causative agent of the disease is the polio virus, which spreads in water and air. The mechanism of transmission is fecal-oral, pathways: water, food, contact and household. The younger the age of the patient, the more severe the infection. In young children, in most cases, an unfavorable form of polio develops with the development of paralysis. Such children suffer from physical destructive processes in the joints, often get sick, have difficulty moving (in a good way), die early.

symptoms
Polio begins with a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract. Mild diarrhea, fever, intoxication develops. Further, the virus enters the blood from the intestine, from there it spreads throughout the body, affecting the central nervous system. This happens about 2-3 weeks after the onset of the disease.

There are several forms of polio:

Favorable – without paralysis. Characteristic symptoms: fever, dizziness, headache, hyperemia (rush of blood to the vessels of the skin). Then the pain spreads to the back, arms, legs, sometimes there is myalgia. The neck muscles are tense and rigid. This condition lasts for several weeks, then the symptoms subside and the patient recovers.
Unfavorable – paralysis. This form is characterized by the fact that after the development of back and limb pain, paralysis of various muscles of the body, arms, legs, neck develops. Muscles are unable to contract arbitrarily. The picture of the development of paralysis can be both symmetrical and spread “spotty”. The paralysis reaches its apogee about a day after it began. This condition leads to irreversible disability of the patient, since he is no longer able to control his body, serve himself, and fill physiological needs. In addition, other paralysis develops: pharynx, diaphragm, auxiliary muscles during the act of breathing.
treatment
Absolute rest, bed rest, supportive corsets.
With paralysis of the pharynx and diaphragm, artificial ventilation of the lungs is indicated, feeding only through a probe with nutrient mixtures.
Physiotherapy is rehabilitation for osteoarticular complications, for example, joint stiffness.
Drug therapy: anti-inflammatory drugs, analgesics, tranquilizers, antipyretics, etc.
PREVENTION
Specific – strict adherence to vaccination according to the vaccination calendar. Vaccination is carried out with drugs AKDS, Infarnrix-Hexa, Pentaxime, Tetraxime and others – the first at 3 months, then at 4.5, then at 6 months. Then revaccination is carried out – at 18 months, 20 months, 14 years. Vaccination is carried out only if the child to whom the vaccine is planned has not been ill for one month, and also at the time of admission to the district pediatrician, he has a normal body temperature. It is also desirable that the people around him at home are also healthy.

Non–specific – compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, washing hands and food, if necessary – sufficient heat treatment of food.

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