Pharyngomycosis
Pharyngomycosis is a lesion of the mucous surface of the pharynx, which provokes the fungus leptotrix. Pharyngomycosis can develop into such a dangerous disease as tonsillitis — inflammation of the lymphoid formations of the palatine tonsils. Most often, the disease is caused by a yeast-like group of fungi. The disease develops due to the prolonged use of antibiotics, which adversely affect the state of the immune system and its protective functions, the presence of diabetes mellitus, tuberculosis, hypo—vitamin deficiency or vitamin deficiency. Every year the number of sick people only increases.
The content of the article:
Classification of pharyngomycosis
Causes of pharyngomycosis
Symptoms of pharyngomycosis
How is pharyngomycosis diagnosed?
Treatment of pharyngomycosis
Preventive measures
Pharyngomycosis
Both men and women suffer from the disease in equal proportions, but pharyngomycosis is even more dangerous in children, since their immune system has not yet been fully formed. It is very difficult for a child to assess the condition of the disease, so parents need to be very careful and if any signs of pharyngomycosis appear, they should immediately seek the qualified help of otolaryngologists. The treatment of the disease takes place in the same way as in an adult patient. Depending on the age of the infected child, the doctor selects the right dosage and special medications. Since the progress and development of various methods of treating pharyngomysis does not stand still, some clinics practice the method of moxibustion of fungal copulation using laser surgical equipment. This method has a beneficial effect on the affected areas and on the condition of the infected patient. The main thing is never to practice self-treatment, and especially if the disease has arisen in a child. Such a decision can cause irreparable harm to the patient’s health.
Classification of pharyngomycosis
Along the course of pharyngomycosis, it is divided into: acute and chronic. The acute form of pharyngomycosis, with delayed or incorrect treatment, often quickly turns into a chronic form. The classification of pharyngomycosis is represented by four groups — pseudomembranous pharyngomycosis, erythematous pharyngomycosis, hyperplastic or erosive-ulcerative factor.
Pseudomembranous pharyngomycosis is determined by the presence of a white plaque on the surface of the pharynx. Erythematous pharyngomycosis is characterized by red areas on the pharynx that have a smooth, shiny surface. The hyperplastic form has the appearance of white dots, almost indistinguishable from the pharyngeal epithelium. The erosive-ulcerative group charges a lot of erosions and ulcers on the mucous surface of the pharynx.
Causes of pharyngomycosis
The causes of pharyngomycosis may be different factors. In most cases, the disease provokes a long course of antibiotics, during which there is a decrease in immunity. Since there are many different bacteria and fungi in the oral cavity of a healthy person, which do not cause any harm in a healthy body, then with a decrease in the protective function of the body, fungi penetrate into the cells of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and pharynx and multiply. As a result, the particles of their vital activity and the toxins that are released cause damage to the cells. In the process, inflammation of the mucous membrane occurs, which manifests itself in puffiness, loose structure and rich pink color. Fungi, damaging the walls of the vessel, enter the bloodstream and release toxins into the blood. With untimely treatment, fungi affect internal organs and cause inflammatory processes. Also, a metabolic disorder that occurs during diseases such as diabetes mellitus and obesity can be a factor in the development of the disease.
Symptoms of pharyngomycosis
Symptoms of pharyngomycosis are uncomfortable sensations in the mouth and larynx, a feeling of the presence of a foreign body, a feeling of tickling and dryness in the oral cavity. Pain is increased when eating food that irritates the mucous membrane, for example, salty and spicy food. With the disease, headache and a decrease in general well-being are diagnosed, body temperature also rises to thirty-eight to thirty-nine degrees Celsius, painful sensations of lymph nodes increase, irritability and fatigue of the body appear. When examining the pharynx in sick patients, there is swelling of the mucous membrane and a white plaque on it, which spreads to the tongue and the inner surface of the cheeks, the mucous membrane of the esophagus. When affected by yeast fungi, the plaque on the pharynx has a whitish appearance and is easily removed, if the infection is provoked by fungi from the genus moldy, then the plaque has a yellowish appearance and is difficult to remove. Worse, if this plaque resembles a diphtheria plaque, then it is necessary to conduct a bacteriological study and, based on its results, either confirm or deny the presence of such a disease as diphtheria — an infectious disease of bacterial breed, which is characterized by the development of fibrous inflammation, in which the upper respiratory tract and the mucous surface of the oropharynx are affected. This disease is transmitted by airborne droplets, as a result of which the trachea, larynx, bronchi, eyes, nose and genitals are affected.
How is pharyngomycosis diagnosed?
Diagnosis of pharyngomycosis begins with a patient’s survey, according to the results of which an otolaryngologist can find out what diseases were previously in the pharynx and what treatment was carried out. In the presence of periodic exacerbations of diseases, any inflammatory processes that cannot be treated, the doctor questions the presence of such a disease as pharyngomycosis. Then an examination of the pharynx and oral cavity is carried out, and according to the results of pharyngoscopy, the presence of swelling of the mucous surface of the pharynx, the presence of plaque is revealed. Characteristic of pharyngomycosis is the uneven redness of the cavity of the posterior wall of the pharynx, the presence of hypertrophy of the lateral rollers. But since with the help of visual examinations and studies, an otolaryngologist cannot give an absolute definition of the disease, a laboratory analysis is carried out to identify fungi in smears. With the help of a special tool, the plaque is removed on the slide and covered, without smearing the contents, with another glass. Then the resulting material is stained using a special technique and examined under a microscope. With the help of microscopic magnification, it is possible to detect fungal spores, cells and pseudomycelia threads. However, the detection of single fungi is not always a sign of the disease. Another important action is to re-examine with a negative first. Studies by the culotural method of smears make it possible to determine the type of fungi.
To analyze the background state of the body, they are examined by an immunologist and an endocrinologist, who in turn conduct tests for the presence of syphilis, diabetes mellitus or hepatitis B and C.
At the moment, the treatment and diagnosis of fungal disease remains an urgent problem. In the last few years, the percentage of pharyngomycosis has increased several times. A high percentage of patients is due to an increase in risk factors for its development, immunodeficiency conditions remain in the leading positions, which arise as a result of long-term treatment with antibiotics, immunosuppressive drugs for oncological diseases, AIDS diseases and blood diseases. The problem is both the identification and the appointment of correct treatment, since due to the massive and extensive spread of fungal chronic pharyngitis and tonsillitis are tolerated and develop more severely than other inflammatory processes, they can be the beginning of the development of disseminated visceral mycosis or fungal sepsis.
Treatment of pharyngomycosis
The appointment of treatment remains a big problem, since the complexity is due to the resistance of some types of fungi to antifungal drugs. Nina has developed a new effective drug from the azole group of mycoflucan, which is a representative of the triazole class. Mycoflucan has a disinfecting effect on all types of fungi that were pathogens of pharyngomycosis, which leads to their death. The drug is well tolerated by patients, no side effects or allergic reactions were detected. Treatment of pharyngomycosis is combined with general and local use of antimycotic drugs. Groups of antimycotic drugs include polyenes, azoles, and allylamines. In the local treatment of pharyngomycosis, a suspension of natamycin or miramistin is used, they treat the walls of the pharynx and palatine tonsils. Also, chewing of nystatin tablets, which envelop the surface of the pharynx, is prescribed for all manipulations. The affected areas are lubricated with a solution of lugol or gentian violet, another beneficial effect on the condition of the surface of the damaged areas is a solution of sodium tetratorate in glycerin. Intraconazole is used, which kills yeast-like and mold-like fungi. With exacerbations, treatment lasts about two weeks. If the disease recurs, anti-relapse therapy is prescribed.
According to the results of the immunogram, the infected patient is given immunomodulatory treatment. Good results and a favorable prognosis are provided by timely and correct treatment, after which a complete cure for pharyngomycosis occurs.
Preventive measures
Prevention of pharyngomycosis can be considered timely access to a doctor and correct, correct treatment. In no case should you self-medicate. The most basic actions for the prevention of pharyngomycosis are professional and correct therapy, the use of antibiotics, and maintaining a high percentage of immunity performance. In the presence of such a disease as diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to maintain the sugar level at acceptable levels, not to let endocrine diseases take their course. It is important not to forget about a healthy diet and vitamins in adequate doses. You should lead a healthy lifestyle and play sports.
