Periodontitis
Periodontitis is a disease of the tooth, which is provoked by destruction in the dental joint. Gum inflammation is the previous stage of periodontitis. Gradually, the inflammatory process spreads to periodontal tissues, which provokes the destruction of bone tissue and periodontal.
In old age, tooth loss occurs due to generalized periodontitis.
Causes of periodontitis
The main reason provoking the development of this disease is accumulating plaque. Gradually hardening, it forms a tartar. Chewing tobacco and smoking provoke a more active development of periodontitis, since tobacco use causes a decrease in the reactivity of the immune system and the pathogenic microflora of the oral cavity is more active. In addition, cell regeneration is significantly reduced when smoking.
In some cases, the cause of periodontal disease is a hereditary predisposition. With her, even careful oral care still does not save from gingivitis. It manifests itself and provokes the development of periodontitis in the future.
With a decrease in saliva reproduction, the risk of plaque formation increases significantly, since the natural process of cleansing the oral cavity is disrupted. Taking antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs can also reduce saliva production.
When using anticonvulsants and immunosuppressants, gum hyperplasia can develop, which significantly accelerates the formation of tartar.
In the presence of diabetes mellitus, periodontitis is diagnosed quite often, and its prevention is practically ineffective.
With a change in the hormonal background (menopause, lactation, pregnancy), the state of the immune system may change, which can provoke the development of periodontitis.
In the presence of irregular teeth or malocclusion, the risk of periodontitis increases significantly. Prolonged use of soft foods does not provide the necessary load on the teeth during chewing, which slows down the natural process of their self-cleaning and increases the risk of inflammatory processes in the oral cavity.
Vitamin deficiency, namely the lack of vitamins C and B, can provoke an inflammatory process in the oral cavity and the development of periodontitis.
Symptoms of periodontitis
The pain syndrome for this disease is almost unusual. The inflammatory process is characterized by the manifestation of redness, swelling, bleeding and local fever.
Since gingivitis is the first stage of periodontitis disease, in the absence of timely treatment, the process may end in tooth loss.
The main symptom of periodontitis is bleeding during tooth brushing or eating. A person may be concerned about hypersensitivity of the gums, separation of the gums from the teeth (which makes it seem that the teeth are getting longer), bad breath.
Purulent discharge and tooth loss are characteristic of the late stage of the disease.
In the absence of timely treatment, the inflammatory process penetrates into the deep layers of tissue, which causes bone loss in the jaw and an increase in the gaps between the teeth.
With the aggressive course of periodontitis, a rather rapid destruction of the gums and tooth loss occurs, with the episodic course of the disease, the stages of exacerbation are replaced by stages of remission. In the chronic course of periodontitis, there is a slow but non-stop destruction of the bone tissue that supports the tooth.
If the disease is only a consequence of the presence of a systemic disease, for example, diabetes mellitus, then with remission of the underlying disease, the symptoms of periodontitis are also minimized.
Necrotizing periodontitis is characteristic of patients with severe immunodeficiency.
Diagnosis of periodontitis
physical examination;
periodontogram.
Treatment of periodontitis
preventing the formation of gingival pockets;
professional oral hygiene;
removal of tartar;
antibacterial therapy.
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