Perianal dermatitis
Perianal dermatitis is a painful inflammation of the skin in the anus. All age categories are susceptible to this disease. The etiology of perianal dermatitis has a different nature, the disease is divided into the following types:
Fungal;
Bacterial;
Allergic;
Contact.
The content of the article:
Causes of perianal dermatitis
Symptoms of perianal dermatitis
Diagnosis of perianal dermatitis
Treatment of perianal dermatitis
Perianal dermatitis
In children, inflammation in most cases occurs when hygiene rules are not followed. In adults, perianal dermatitis is usually associated with a violation of the intestinal microflora or appears against the background of pathology of the rectum and colon. Due to the specifics of the disease, not only a dermatologist, but also a proctologist deals with the treatment of the inflamed area.
Causes of perianal dermatitis
Pathogenic microorganisms that multiply under favorable conditions contribute to the intensive development of the disease. The source of the inflammatory process can be such provoking factors:
Violation of hygiene rules;
Systematic irritating effect on the anus area;
Prolonged cycling, car riding, horse riding (jeep disease), in which broken hairs injure the skin;
Allergic reactions to detergents, synthetic underwear, medications;
Skin damage (combing, cracks, hemorrhoids) and its infection cause dermatitis of the perianal region of bacterial or fungal etymology;
Reduced immunity creates conditions for the penetration of staphylococcal, streptococcal and candida infections;
Long-term use of corticosteroids and antibiotics that violate the intestinal microflora;
Diseases accompanied by fecal incontinence;
Prolonged diarrhea;
Enterobiosis, dysbiosis;
A number of diseases in which intestinal inflammation can spread to the skin around the anus (Crohn’s disease, colitis, ulcerative colitis, proctitis, paraproctitis).
In addition, people with overweight, sweating and patients with chronic infectious diseases are susceptible to the occurrence of perianalgo dermatitis.
Symptoms of perianal dermatitis
Regardless of the type of disease, perianal dermatitis has common signs of manifestation:
Itching of the skin in the area of the anus and the lower part of the rectum;
Redness and pronounced swelling of tissues;
Pain during defecation;
Soreness of the perianal area.
It should be noted that each form of perianal dermatitis has symptoms specific only to this type. So, with bacterial genesis, bubbles and pustules filled with pus are observed around the anus. This type of disease is accompanied by wetness, destruction of the skin and the formation of crusts.
Fungal dermatitis is characterized by a scalloped contour in the area of inflammation, which has a light gray coating. Bubbles and pustules form around the inflammatory focus.
Allergic perianal dermatitis is accompanied by severe itching, the appearance of a rash with serous contents, opening them leads to skin erosion.
With jeep’s disease, an abscessing fistulous form of dermatitis of the perianal region begins. This type of disease is characterized by small recurring abscesses in the folds of the anus. Pustules have short fistula passages.
Irritation of the skin around the anus is caused by intestinal diseases. Against the background of the main symptoms, there is also a disorder of the stool (diarrhea or constipation), pain in the rectum or abdomen, discharge from the anus of a purulent, mucous or watery nature.
Diagnosis of perianal dermatitis
At the first signs of irritation of the skin in the anus, it is necessary to consult a specialist. The examination is usually performed by a proctologist or dermatologist. Diagnosis begins with a visual examination, which allows you to detect papules, cracks, rectal prolapse, hemorrhoids. In order to identify the pathogenesis, the doctor conducts a patient survey.
The final diagnosis of perianal dermatitis is made only after scraping, performed in the area around the anus, a smear from the anus and fecal analysis. Bacteriological examination allows to identify the etiology of the disease.
For patients suffering from intestinal diseases, ultrasound, colonoscopy, rectoromanoscopy, coprogram, X-ray with barium, irrigoscopy are additionally prescribed.
Only after the final determination of the type of disease and the causes of its cause, therapy is prescribed.
Treatment of perianal dermatitis
Despite the fact that treatment is prescribed based on the etiology of the disease, there are a number of principles that every patient should adhere to:
Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene. At the first signs of inflammation in the anus, it is necessary to wash after each act of defecation. For these purposes, it is necessary to use a weak solution of potassium permanganate or decoctions of anti-inflammatory herbs, which will not allow secondary infection to develop;
With dermatitis of the perianal area, it is necessary to wear only cotton underwear;
Exclude smoked, peppery and spicy dishes from the diet. Dietary nutrition will make the main treatment more effective.
Drug therapy of perianal dermatitis in adults involves the use of ointments and is aimed at relieving itching, burning and irritation around the anus. For local treatment , prescribe:
zinc ointment;
antiseptic drugs;
antihistamines;
dexpanthenol.
In case of a fungal lesion , antifungal medications are prescribed:
Mycoseptin;
Triderm;
Canasten;
Candide et al .
Treatment of bacterial dermatitis of the perianal region involves the opening of purulent pustules and their further treatment with green, blue, fucarcin and the application of antibacterial ointments.
When enterobiosis is detected , treatment is carried out with anthelmintic drugs:
Pirantel;
Vormil;
Medamine;
Piperazine;
With Vermox.
The therapy of allergic perianal dermatitis consists in taking antihistamines:
Suprastin;
Diazoline;
Tavegila;
Claritin.
The above drugs can also be prescribed to eliminate painful burning and itching.
The presence of chronic intestinal diseases and dysbiosis are indications for the treatment of a primary ailment by a proctologist or gastroenterologist.
Physiotherapeutic treatment of perianal dermatitis is aimed at relieving inflammation and stabilizing the healing process of the affected areas of the skin around the anus. The most effective procedures are such as baths with the addition of medicines, magnetic field treatment, laser therapy, ultrasound, etc.
