Pemphigus vulgar
Ordinary (vulgar) pemphigus is a disease with the appearance of blisters on the mucous membranes and skin. With the course of the disease, the bubbles burst, forming bright crimson erosion on the affected areas. Vulgar pemphigus has an autoimmune mechanism of development, blisters can increase, unite, form large erosions. The skin lesion spreads to the surrounding tissues.
The content of the article:
Causes of common pemphigus
Symptoms of vulgar pemphigus
Diagnosis of vulgar pemphigus
Treatment of vulgar pemphigus
The forecast of vulgar pemphigus
Pemphigus vulgar
Diagnosis of vulgar pemphigus is carried out by biopsy of the bladder. The contents of a newly formed bladder are analyzed and checked for histology and immunology.
Common pemphigus is considered the most common clinical form of this disease. Middle-aged and elderly people (30-60 years old) are most susceptible to this disease. Vulgar pemphigus qualifies as bullous dermatosis, the main symptom is the appearance of blisters. Two-thirds of cases begin with their appearance in the oral cavity, and only then they spread to other areas.
Causes of common pemphigus
There are several factors contributing to the appearance of vulgar pemphigus, the reasons mainly lie in the problems of the immune system. The body begins to produce antibodies to its own cells of the epidermis. They attack this layer, causing the destruction of cells and the loss of their connections. The space between the broken bonds is filled with liquid, which leads to the formation of bubbles.
Symptoms of vulgar pemphigus
The onset of the disease most often manifests itself from the stage of blistering on the mucous membranes of the pharynx and oral cavity. As a rule, it is very easy to injure the bubbles formed in these areas, for example, to hurt while chewing food. The burst bubble leaves behind a bright crimson erosion, and the shell forms a white plaque in the oral cavity. Over time, the number of erosions in the oral cavity will increase, because without treatment they do not heal, but, on the contrary, form into fused large bubbles, forming new lesions. Symptoms of the disease of vulgar pemphigus are pain, difficulty in speech, an unpleasant smell.
After the blisters begin to spread to the skin, the symptoms may vary. Firstly, the lesion of skin areas can develop already at the beginning of the disease, but it happens that it occurs after a few months. Itching or pain does not necessarily accompany this symptom, sometimes redness may appear around the blisters. The most affected are the inguinal folds, chest, armpits and back.
The opening of the bubbles occurs a few days after their appearance. There is a swelling of the cavity, rupture of the shell and the subsequent formation of bright crimson erosion at the site of the bubble. During the course of the disease, the bubbles increase the localization area, capturing larger and larger areas of the skin.
There are also other symptoms: fever, weakness, painful sensations when moving.
There is a risk of infection, the development of pyoderma. Symptoms of infection are turbidity of the fluid in the bubbles, suppuration of erosions, a sharp deterioration in the patient’s condition, sepsis. Infection and inflammation can be fatal.
If vulgar pemphigus is suspected, it is necessary to consult a doctor as soon as possible, who will prescribe active doses of drugs that effectively restrain the development of the disease.
Diagnosis of vulgar pemphigus
To begin with, the mechanical manifestations of the disease are analyzed, indicating the presence of acantholysis, for example, symptoms of Nikolsky or Asbo-Hansen. The doctor checks the ability of the bubbles to peel off the skin, increase the area when pressed, elasticity of the shell, analyzes their condition and characteristics.
In addition, cytological analysis is prescribed. This study is carried out using the Tzanka method, and the process looks like this: a smear is taken from the bottom of the erosion, examined using microscopy, thereby revealing damaged epidermal cells.
Histological analysis is a biopsy, during which a skin area with a bladder is taken to clarify the mechanism of skin lesions, check the cavity and fluid in the sample.
Doctors also use immunology methods in diagnostics, which are necessary to check for the presence of an autoimmune mechanism of the disease. Such an analysis can be carried out on the membranes of the epidermis cells or by examining the collected serum.
Diagnosis of vulgar pemphigus is a complex process, as it is complex and includes a variety of techniques, approaches and consultations necessary for accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment.
Treatment of vulgar pemphigus
In order to cure a patient with a diagnosis of “vulgar pemphigus”, it is necessary to carry out optimal and very effective treatment in the shortest possible time. The danger of infection poses a problem with an edge, so the patient takes high doses of corticosteroids.
Intensive use of drugs can be weakened or reduced after the rashes stop and the erosions heal completely. Then the doctor conducts an examination and prescribes supportive therapy sufficient to contain the appearance of new bubbles. The new volume of drugs will be indicated for use on a lifetime basis.
Remission of the disease is also achieved with the additional use of cytostatics, which accelerates the recovery process.
A hardware technique aimed at blood purification is used separately. It can be plasmapheresis or hemosorption. The use of hemocorrection methods can reduce the number of antibodies. Since the mechanism of the disease is autoimmune, such manipulations help to accelerate recovery and strengthen the effect of drugs.
Since active doses of drugs are used, it is also necessary to prescribe drugs that protect the patient’s stomach, for example, almagel. If the presence of an infection is diagnosed, then antibiotics should be used.
Since the disease is complex, the treatment of vulgar pemphigus should be comprehensive, fast and effective. If adequate treatment is not applied, then infection, infection of erosions is possible, which is fraught with death.
The prognosis of vulgar pemphigus
If the diagnosis is made in time and the necessary dose of treatment is determined, especially with regard to the volume of corticosteroids, then it is quite possible to avoid a tragic outcome of the disease. However, there is another danger. After the rash stops and the erosions are healed, a smaller dose of corticosteroids will be indicated for use throughout the patient’s life. Therefore, there is a possibility of destruction of the patient’s body due to regular medication. Complications occur that affect the internal organs and the entire life systems of the patient. Long—term use of medications that restrain the reappearance of pemphigus is dangerous with its destructive finale – a fatal outcome.
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