Pain in the mouth
Pain in the mouth occurs in most dental diseases. It can be associated with infectious and inflammatory processes, advanced caries and its complications, allergies, neuralgia, TMJ pathology, oral cavity injuries, neoplasms. Painful sensations can be localized in the area of the lips, tongue, gums, jaws, palate, oropharynx. To differentiate the causes of pain in the mouth, visual-instrumental, X-ray, ultrasound, laboratory examination is required. Treatment consists in prescribing pharmacotherapy, physiotherapy, performing dental manipulations and operations.
Why does my mouth hurt
Pain in the lips
Pain in the gums
Pain in the tongue
Diagnostics
Treatment
Prices for treatment
Why does my mouth hurt
Pain in the mouth can be caused by both local and systemic factors. Painful sensations in the oral cavity usually do not bother in isolation. As a rule, they are combined with other symptoms characteristic of a certain pathology: hyperemia and swelling of the mucous membrane, rashes and ulcers in the oral cavity, plaque, unpleasant odor, difficulty chewing and opening the mouth, salivation. Pain in the mouth, despite its local nature, disrupts general well-being and performance, prevents normal diction, full-fledged eating.
Pain in the lips
It has a local or spilled character. It can be caused by traumatic, infectious, chemical, physical factors, tumor lesion. Pain is usually combined with dry lips, cracks, redness, bubble rashes, ulceration, drying of crusts. Common Causes of Lip pain:
Heilit. It may be a consequence of sensitization (allergic cheilitis), neurogenic causes (exfoliative, macrocheilitis), unfavorable climatic factors (meteorological cheilitis), vitamin deficiency (hypovitaminous cheilitis), infection (glandular cheilitis). Common signs are the defeat of the red border, accompanied by dryness, painful cracks and ulcers, swelling, burning, itching.
Labial herpes. In the prodromal period, there is a local tingling, tingling, itching in the area of the upper or lower lip. Then a bubble containing liquid appears. After spontaneous or violent opening of the bubble, an ulcer forms in its place, which, drying out, becomes covered with a scab. When the crust is cracked, sucrovitsa oozes out from under it. The elements of herpes are sharply painful at all stages. It takes 10-12 days from prodrome to complete epithelization.
Red lichen planus. It can affect the red border of the lips, tongue, oral mucosa. The main elements are papules, which when merged form whitish areas of keratinization. Sometimes CPL proceeds with the formation of wet areas, erosions, blisters – in these cases, burning sensation, severe pain in the mouth joins, making it impossible to eat.
Trigeminal neuralgia. Trigeminal neuralgia is a common cause of facial pain. When the upper and mandibular branches of the trigeminal nerve are affected, sharp intense lumbago may occur in the cheek, upper or lower lip, jaw, resembling electric shocks.
Injuries. Lip burns can be caused by drinking hot drinks, ingestion of aggressive chemicals, exposure to sunlight or open fire. With mild burns, pain, swelling of the lip, hyperemia appears; with severe burns, blisters, scabs, tissue necrosis form. Mechanical damage (cuts, biting) of the lips are accompanied by soreness, bleeding.
Lip cancer. Externally, it may represent a warty or papillomatous growth, infiltration. Initially, the elements do not cause discomfort, but their ulceration, infection, decay are accompanied by severe pain in the mouth.
Transient swelling and soreness of the lips are noted after a number of cosmetic procedures and surgical interventions: permanent makeup, piercing, introduction of hyaluronic fillers, cheiloplasty.
Pain in the mouth
Pain in the mouth
Pain in the gums
As a rule, it is associated with diseases of the oral cavity or behavioral factors (incorrect selection of a toothbrush, use of toothpicks, smoking). Pathologies that cause pain in the gums:
Inflammatory processes. Painful sensations in the mouth are a pathognomonic sign of inflammatory diseases: gingivitis, stomatitis, periodontitis. With gingivitis, the gum becomes swollen, painful, bleeding. Stomatitis can occur with the formation of plaque in the mouth, extremely painful aphthae and ulcers. With periodontitis, pain in the gums is aggravated by bad breath, the formation of dental pockets, suppuration, loosening of teeth.
Periodontitis. With acute periodontitis or exacerbation of the chronic process, painful swelling of the gums occurs in the area of the affected tooth. When the pyogenic flora is activated, a flux is formed, accompanied by pulsating pain. When it is opened, the formation of a fistula is possible. Pronounced soreness occurs during chewing and talking.
Injuries. Damage to the gums can occur both with direct mechanical action and with difficult teething. In the latter case, pericoronaritis develops. Trauma to the gum tissue and pain are also accompanied by dental manipulations: extraction of a tooth, installation of a dental crown / prosthesis, dental implantation, operations (gingivotomy, gingivoplasty, etc.).
Allergy. It may be caused by a reaction to denture materials, medications, local anesthetics. It occurs in the form of allergic stomatitis, cheilitis, glossitis. Characterized by hyperemia, burning, swelling of the mucous membrane, hypersalivation, pain when eating.
Pain in the tongue
Pain in the tongue is associated with local infectious-inflammatory, traumatic, allergic, neurogenic, neoplastic processes. In addition to local factors, pain in the mouth can be provoked by systemic diseases: hypovitaminosis B1, B2, B12, pellagra, iron deficiency anemia, collagenoses, leukemia, etc. Local causes of pain in the tongue:
Glossit. Pain of varying intensity is noted with desquamative, candidiasis, herpetic, allergic, traumatic and other glossitis. There may also be swelling, glossodynia, plaque, changes in taste sensitivity.
Xerostomia. It is a consequence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, medication, smoking, Sjogren’s disease, diseases of the salivary glands. Dry mouth makes it difficult and painful to eat, swallow, and speak.
Glossalgia. It proceeds with attacks of burning pain in the tongue, which are more pronounced in its tip and lateral surfaces. Hyperemia or pallor of the tongue is noted. Repeated pain attacks change the psychological state of patients – they become irritable, suspicious, whiny.
Galvanism. Develops due to irrational prosthetics. It is characterized by swelling and hyperemia of the tongue, sensations of pain, burning, stinging, metallic taste in the mouth.
Neuropathies. Pain in the tongue of neurogenic origin occurs with neuralgia of the lingual and sublingual nerves. In the first case, the pain is localized in the area of the root of the tongue, in the second – in the back of the tongue. More often it has a one-sided character, occurs paroxysmally, provoked by talking, coughing, swallowing. It has an intense pulsating, drilling, burning character.
Cancer of the tongue. Manifests with the appearance of painless or slightly painful formations: outgrowths, ulcers, seals. In the expanded stage, local or diffuse pain is added, radiating to the jaw, ear, temporal region. Salivation increases, a fetid smell from the mouth appears, spontaneous bleeding from the tongue, difficulty in articulation, swallowing.
Dental diagnostics
Dental diagnostics
Diagnostics
To determine the etiology and therapeutic tactics for pain in the mouth, a comprehensive dental examination is carried out, if necessary, an examination of the ENT organs. A number of specialists are involved in the diagnosis of the causes of pain in the mouth: a dentist-therapist, periodontist, otolaryngologist, allergist-immunologist, neurologist, oncologist, etc. Taking into account nosology, the list of recommended studies includes:
X-ray diagnostics (OPTG, CT of the jaws, sialography);
dental examination (visual and instrumental examination, determination of periodontal index);
ENT diagnostics (pharyngoscopy);
sonography (ultrasound of salivary glands, tongue);
allergological examination (allergy tests, study of individual allergens);
laboratory studies (analysis of the biocenosis of the oral cavity using bakposev, PCR).
Treatment
Diseases accompanied by pain in the mouth require general and local therapy. In some cases, there is a need for surgical intervention. In the treatment are used:
Systemic therapy: antibacterial, antiviral, antimycotic, antihistamines, NSAIDs, vitamins.
Local procedures: mouthwash with antiseptics, lubrication of the mucous membrane with medicinal compounds, medical treatment and curettage of periodontal pockets, therapeutic bandages.
Physiotherapy: medicinal electrophoresis, darsonvalization, gum treatment with laser, Vector apparatus.
Dental treatment: complex therapy of stomatitis, periodontitis, treatment of complicated caries, removal of destroyed teeth, reprosthetics of teeth with intolerance to orthopedic structures.
Dental operations: laxative incision and periostotomy for periostitis; flap surgery for periodontitis; lip resection, hemiglossectomy and glossectomy for cancer.
