Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is a disease of the musculoskeletal system with a chronic recurrent course. With osteorthritis, all structures of the joint are subject to destruction – cartilage, articular bag, bone head, ligaments, muscles surrounding the joint. The average age of osteoarthritis is 50-60 years. Osteoarthritis is, as a rule, a collective term and denotes a group of diseases with various causes.

reasons
Genetic predisposition
Overweight. Fatness
Violation of the endocrine system – hypofunction of the female genital organs and lack of estrogens in postmenopausal women (associated with physiological aging of women)
Excessive physical stress on the joint, the discrepancy between the strength of the load and the ability to resist this force of the joint
Diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Injured joints, surgical interventions on joints
symptoms
Osteoarthritis is mainly characterized by pain, dysfunction of the joint and its stiffness. Osteoarthritis is characterized by the appearance of so–called mechanical pain – with an increase in physical activity or with a slight one. But long in time. The pain decreases after rest and at night. In some clinical cases, patients complained of dull bursting pains at night. This is due to a violation of the outflow of blood from the joint.

A characteristic symptom is “starting pain”, which occurs at the first movement after a long rest (after sleep). This is due to the settling of destructive tissues on the articular surfaces. During the first movements, detritus is expelled from the joint bag, which facilitates movement.

Ostearthritis is also characterized by the concept of “stiffness” and “stiffened joint”. Stiffness is the inability to perform actions in full or the appearance of resistance when performing an action. A frozen joint is associated with the appearance of an articular mouse (a destructive component – cartilage or bone), which wedges between the articular bag and the surrounding soft tissues and prevents movement in the joint. At the same time, there is severe pain that prevents the patient from making the slightest movement. One of the joints, then as the disease develops, other joints are affected.

With already developed osteorthritis, an inflammatory component often joins – which disrupts the functions and deforms the joint, there is hyperemia of the skin over the affected and inflamed joint.

The disease is chronic, long-term. At first he is amazed

diagnostics
Interview and examination of the patient, collection of anamnesis of the patient’s life and complaints
Laboratory tests – clinical and biochemical blood analysis
Ultrasound examination of affected joints
Examination of synovial (articular fluid)
Arthroscopy
Radiography of a diseased joint to determine the degree of destruction and deformation
treatment
When treating ostearthritis, it is important to take into account the causes that led to the development of the disease. So, in case of obesity, a diet is prescribed to reduce the constant load of the joint. It is desirable to limit physical activity, the use of special rigid pieces of furniture – a rigid orthopedic mattress, straight-backed chairs. Additional unloading of the joint is provided with the help of corsets, knee pads, additional means of movement – walking sticks. Therapeutic physical culture is prescribed.

Nonsteroidal anti–inflammatory drugs are used from medicines – ibuprofen, ketoprofen, etc. Ointments and creams are applied topically. In the presence of effusion, glucocorticosteroids (intra-articular injections) give a good effect. In the subacute period, short-term courses of physiotherapy are prescribed.

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