Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (osteoarthritis) is an inflammatory disease of the joints, which has metabolic disorders, accompanied by destructive changes in the joints. Arthrosis is always characterized by the destruction of cartilaginous surfaces.

CAUSES OF OSTEOATROSIS
Genetic disorders of the body
Congenital diseases of the musculoskeletal system
Old age
Overweight and overweight
Surgical interventions – joint operations
Massive loads on the joints
Joint and bone injuries
Autoimmune diseases
CLASSIFICATION OF ARTHROSIS
Primary osteoarthritis – develops as a result of impaired regeneration of cartilage cellular structures, which may occur due to poor blood supply and, as a consequence, insufficient nutrition of cartilage. Secondary arthrosis appears already against the background of developed inflammatory processes.

Arthrosis can develop as a result of rheumatoid arthritis, in patients with chronic rheumatism. Often, arthrosis can be joined by other chronic diseases – venous thrombosis, varicose veins, vascular sclerosis.

SYMPTOMS OF ARTHROSIS
The disease begins with non-intense, but unpleasant sensations and crunching when bending the joints. This continues for some time, and the patient lives on with his normal life. When the disease begins to progress, pain appears, which increases with movement and with active physical exertion. The pain becomes more intense by the end of the day. During the night, the pain usually recedes, because a person is in a horizontal position for a long time and does not load the affected joints. Over the course of the process, at the advanced stage, mobility in the joints is completely disrupted, pain haunts a person almost 24 hours a day. Unfortunately, in the last stages of arthrosis, destructive changes in cartilaginous surfaces can be almost irreversible, and when contacting specialists, they will not be able to influence this in any way, only slow down the further progression of the destruction process. Arthrosis is a disease that often leads to disability of patients, deprives the patient of the opportunity to self–care.

The first arthrosis affects the joints of the elbows of the hands, knee joints, hip joints, metatarsophalangeal (first finger). Over time, the joints begin to deform, the appearance of the limbs changes its normal structure, taking unusual outlines. Middle-aged and elderly people who are at risk most often get sick.

OSTEOARTHRITIS OF THE SPINE
Osteoarthritis of the spine is also called ankylosing spondylitis or ankylosing spondylitis in another way. this type of osteoarthritis leads to a limitation of the functional capabilities of the spine, as some joints grow together. During radiography, it was revealed that the spine at the same time takes the form of a bamboo trunk. There are 5 forms of osteoarthritis of the spine – central (only the spine), spinal lesion + shoulder or pelvic girdle, peripheral form – lesion of the spine and peripheral joints, Scandinavian form – spine + small joints of the arms and legs, arthritis of the spine + extra–articular changes – involvement of the eyes in the process. Kidneys, lungs (fibrosis), cardiovascular system.

TREATMENT OF ARTHROSIS
Arthrosis is treated in a polyclinic and sanitary-resort treatment. In the acute period, it is necessary to relieve pain, therefore, non–narcotic analgesics are prescribed, intra-articular injections of glucocorticosteroids are prescribed, physiotherapy procedures are prescribed – thermal applications with paraffin, mud applications, applications with ozokerite. Ultrasound procedures, electrophoresis. In severe cases of arthrosis that does not respond to conservative treatment, surgical intervention is resorted to – arthroplasty, arthrodesis.

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