Myopia (myopia) is a pathological refraction of the optical system, a disease of the visual organs characterized by the development of a strong optical system of the eye, one of the variants of refractive ability (refraction).
PATHOGENESIS
It is customary to refer to the optical media of the eye: the cornea, the anterior and posterior chambers, the lens, the vitreous body. Once on this system, the rays are refracted and fall on the optic nerve disk, then into the brain. This is called refraction.
The reason for myopia is a strong optical system. The focus of the image is shifted, it does not reach the retina, so the focus is in front of the retina of the eye, and not on it. The eye also increases in length, which aggravates the shift in focus. The eye sees well up close, poorly in the distance. The image hits the retina with a wide beam, the image is blurred. Over time, myopia progresses. High-grade myopia can lead to partial or even complete disability.
classification
Congenital – progressing, malignant character
Acquired – one of the forms of refraction of the eye
False myopia – deterioration of visual acuity as a result of a spasm of accommodation
PROVOKING FACTORS:
Working with small objects at a very close distance is poor accommodation.
Hereditary factor
Trophic changes – sclera depletion
symptoms
With development, vision in the distance is significantly reduced. The image becomes fuzzy, blurry, “watercolor”. With progress, myopia leads to destructive processes, changes in the structures of the eye, a decrease in visual acuity, which in some cases is difficult to correct with optical lenses.
Myopia has an adverse effect on the retina of the eye, it can cause loss of central vision.
diagnostics
At an appointment with an ophthalmologist, visual acuity is assessed according to the Sivtsev tables. Ideal vision is considered to be 1.0 (unit) of acuity. Everything that is worse has the form 0.1, 0.2 and so on. It is also necessary to undergo an examination – refractometry on specialized equipment.
With loss of visual acuity to hundredths or loss of central vision, other visual functions are investigated: light perception.
treatment
Optical correction. Spectacle lenses are selected taking into account the characteristics of the patient. First, the lenses in which a person sees as clearly as possible are determined. But for a prescription, lenses are prescribed 0.5 diopters less. It is also possible to use contact lenses, which are also selected taking into account the subjective feelings of the patient.
Surgical intervention. Currently, myopia in many cases can be cured by surgery. Some types of operations are quite expensive. There are restrictions for a number of operations, for example, surgical interventions are not recommended for children, since the eyeball of a child grows and develops until the age of 25, which means there is no guarantee that myopia will not return.
Rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection.
Compliance with the work and rest day schedule.
Vitamin therapy with preparations containing blueberry extract, carotene.
Training of the eye muscles with specialized exercises.
Workplace organization: proper lighting, sufficient distance to the book, computer monitor.
PREVENTION
An adequate work and rest regime – changing work at a short distance to focus on objects far away, regular walks, proper fortified nutrition – all this helps to avoid myopia.
It is quite important to carry out preventive examinations and determination of visual acuity, measurement of intraocular pressure, vitamin therapy courses every six months.
