Microbial eczema
Cases of eczema have been known since ancient times, denoting by this name almost all emerging dermatoses. Only in the XIX century, several scientists classified eczema into a separate category.
The content of the article:
Symptoms of microbial eczema
Microbial eczema has several subspecies:
Diagnosis of microbial eczema
Treatment of microbial eczema
Prognosis and prevention of microbial eczema
Microbial eczema
Eczema is a common non—contagious skin inflammatory disease, usually characterized by a long course, a tendency to relapse, poorly treatable, often associated with disorders of the nervous system.
Microbial eczema — one of the varieties of eczema caused by pyogenic microbes, is a secondary process. Thus, the causes of microbial eczema can be as follows:
purulent and postoperative wounds;
trophic and other ulceration;
fistulas, abrasions, scratches;
other forms of eczema or any dermatosis;
weakened immune system;
allergic diseases;
violation of the digestive process;
imbalance in the endocrine and nervous systems;
prolonged stress;
low level of personal hygiene;
chemical, animal, physical stimuli;
mechanical injury;
fungal diseases;
genetic predisposition to eczema.
Symptoms of microbial eczema
Microbial eczema is manifested by symptoms such as a sharp onset against the background of an existing skin disease, manifested by bright redness, pinhead-sized bubbles that burst, releasing a clear liquid onto the eroded surface of the skin. This is the stage of wetness, which can last for a long time with varying intensity.
Microbial eczema has sharply limited asymmetric rounded forms of large foci with serous-purulent crusts prone to rejection, more often on the hands and shins. Under the layering of such crusts, wet erosive skin lesions with severe suppuration are found. After cleansing the lesion area from the cortical arrays, the absence of the epidermal layer of the skin becomes visible, as if a lacquered red wound, prone to bleeding. The boundaries of such a lesion with microbial eczema are a bright pink inflamed “halo” with a peeling epidermis, which indicates the tendency of the disease to further spread to healthy areas of the skin.
Microbial eczema has several subspecies:
Eczema called coin-shaped (nummular), characterized specifically by sharp outlines of focal lesions up to 3 cm in size with an edematous hyperemic wet surface and an array of greenish-yellowish crusts. The usual localization of plaque eczema is the upper extremities, but sometimes the painful process takes on a spreading form and can affect wider areas of the skin.
Eczema called varicose veins develops as a result of the chronic process of varicose vein insufficiency. The formation of trophic ulcers, maceration of the skin during dressings, injury to it in the area of varicose veins creates a favorable ground for the occurrence of eczema. This form of the disease is characterized by polymorphism of papules, moderate itching and clear outlines of rashes.
Eczema called posttraumatic develops on the sites of long-term non-healing old wounds, injuries, postoperative fistulas, minor traumatic skin injuries.
Eczema, called sycosiform, occurs and develops in patients suffering from sycosis (inflammation of the follicles of the hair) and is pustular pustules of red color with a hair in the middle, wet and itchy. Inflamed follicles with purulent plugs, appearing in an endless stream, again and again cover all parts of the body, mainly men, with thick hair: mustache, beard, pubic and axillary areas, expanding their rashes beyond the boundaries of the hair.
Eczema of the nipple and periarticular zone develops in women from constant injury to the nipples during breastfeeding, as well as from severe “scratching” in patients with scabies. Wetness and cracks are characterized by contrasting, with distinct contours, foci of skin lesions of this form of eczema. The crimson surfaces of the foci are covered with scaly crusts and strongly itch. Nipple eczema is characterized by a protracted nature of the course and treatment, requires prolonged and persistent therapy.
The causative agents of mycotic eczema are fungal infections, such as ringworm, candidiasis and other pathogens of mycoses of various etiologies that have settled on the skin of the body, on the legs and nail plates of a person at the time of eczema development. In the pathogenesis of mycotic eczema, a synergistic fusion of allergenic agents with fungal pathogens is observed. The affected parts of the skin in this combination represent foci with symptoms of eczema and mycosis in the form of round or large-lobed areas with sharply marked contours, severe inflammation, vesicles and pustules that provide wetness and have the ability to grow and merge into a continuous focus without skin layers of healthy epithelium. Fungal infections greatly complicate the course of chronic eczema, and also develop a poor response of the body to treatment, so it is necessary to carefully monitor the detection and treatment of fungal infections.
Insufficient and incorrect treatment of microbial eczema, as well as the use of traumatic actions on eczema-damaged skin areas will necessarily lead to repeated polymorphic rashes in the form of vesicles, pustules, papules, edematous spots. It should be noted that each form of eczema can turn into a microbial one at any time due to non-compliance with the necessary medical and hygienic rules.
Further progression of the disease creates a fusion of rashes into large areas covered with wet erosions and crusts, chronicling the process and converting microbial eczema into true eczema.
Diagnosis of microbial eczema
In order to correctly classify a skin disease, in this case microbial eczema, it is necessary to consult a dermatologist who is able to prescribe all the necessary examination options. Having studied the entire medical history of a patient with concomitant diseases, injuries and other changes, a medical specialist will be able to correctly make an accurate diagnosis.
To diagnose microbial eczema, skin cells are examined under a microscope for the presence of mycotic abnormalities. Bacteriological studies check the smear of secretions and scraping from the lesion of the affected skin for the sensitivity of pathogens to antibacterial drugs, as well as for the presence of pathogenic fungi.
If it is difficult to determine the true diagnosis, a histological examination of tissues / cells from the focal lesion of microbial eczema is prescribed. The material is also being investigated on:
swelling of the dermis and intercellular space;
hyperpigmentation of the skin;
the process of bubble formation in the epidermal layer of the skin;
the degree of infiltration into the lymph system in the presence of plasmocytes.
The extended diagnosis of microbial eczema is carried out in relation to other forms of eczema, other skin diseases, such as:
psoriasis;
dermatitis;
skin reticulosis;
benign pemphigus and others.
Treatment of microbial eczema
Due to the chronic nature of the disease and the complexity of the complete cure of microbial eczema, treatment is aimed at an individual and comprehensive approach to the patient, namely:
elimination of irritating factors present in the patient that provoke eczema;
targeted effect on concomitant diseases, clarified in the anamnesis;
therapeutic prescriptions that reduce the excitability of the nervous system, insomnia and itching in the patient with the use of sedatives and antihistamines;
the use of hemodialysis and other procedures to cleanse the body;
the purpose of a dairy-vegetable diet containing an abundance of vitamins, with a restriction of salt, sweets, fats, with the exception of alcohol, sweets in the acute period;
the use of hydrocortisone and glucocorticosteroid drugs in severe course of the disease together with injections of vitamins C and group B to stop relapses;
the use of therapeutic ultraviolet rays of the inflamed skin area after the end of the acute phase of microbial eczema;
application of aseptic dressings with retinol ointments, fish oil, silver nitrate, various powders, chatterboxes with individualization.
Prognosis and prevention of microbial eczema
The predicted cure of microbial eczema is favorable with a properly selected complex of therapeutic and dietary measures. Weakened and elderly patients have to be treated longer and harder.
Preventive measures should consist in the treatment of diseases that provoke microbial eczema, the elimination of damaging factors, careful observance of personal hygiene, timely treatment of skin lesions with antiseptics.
