Mastitis
Mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the breast, mainly characterized by bursting pains in the chest, their compaction and swelling.
reasons
The causative agent of mastitis is most often staphylococcus, but it can be caused by any flora in the presence of a primary focus of infection (lymphogenic, hematogenic pathway of spread).
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
Nosocomial infection
Reduced immunity
Difficult childbirth
Large blood loss during childbirth
Unprepared nipples, abrasions and cracks around the nipple
Mastitis can also develop as a result of lactostasis – stagnation of milk in the gland. Most primiparous women have such a problem. The entrance gate for infection will also be cracks on the nipple as a result of improper care for them.
CLASSIFICATION OF MASTITIS:
Serous
Purulent
Infiltrative
Abscessing
Phlegmonous
Postpartum
Plasma cell
Mastitis of newborn children
symptoms
Painful compaction in the mammary gland, local hyperemia, manifestations of intoxication syndrome, fever. With the development of the process – breast enlargement, pronounced hyperemia of the breast. A woman cannot feed a child, pumping causes acute pain, pus and blood are observed in the blood.
With plasmocellular mastitis, infiltration of tissues under the nipple occurs, with epithelial hyperplasia. Such mastitis does not have a phase of pus formation, it looks like breast cancer.
With mastitis of newborns, the mammary glands become engorged, the presence of secretions when pressed – as a result of the action of the mother’s hormones on the child’s body.
diagnostics
Examination by a mammologist is an inflammatory focus, an abscess can be detected by palpation.
In some cases, regional lymphadenitis develops
A symptom of fluctuation on a diseased gland.
Ultrasound – expansion of the milky ducts, infiltration, necrosis is clearly visible
treatment
When the first signs of mastitis appear, it is urgent to contact a mammologist for advice. The earlier mastitis is detected, the more favorable the prognosis will be with adequate treatment and compliance with the recommendations. With advanced mastitis (purulent), the effect will be only with a combination of medication and surgical treatment.
Etioptropic therapy consists in prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics. Serous mastitis is treated quickly, the infiltrate resolves within a week. In the presence of intoxication syndrome, symptomatic therapy is carried out: antipyretics, painkillers, infusion therapy with glucose. Purulent forms of mastitis require mandatory surgical intervention: opening of the abscess, drainage, sanitation with antibacterial drugs.
For the period of treatment and rehabilitation, a woman is forbidden to breastfeed a sick baby, so there may be microorganisms, blood, pus in the milk, especially since the woman is being treated with antibacterial agents.
PREVENTION
Thorough emptying of the breast, pumping if necessary
Frequent application of the baby to the breast
Adequate preparation of the nipples of a primiparous woman for feeding is the prevention of the formation of cracks. Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene.
Proper application of the baby to the breast – he should not choke, the mouth captures the nipple completely with the areola.
Treatment of chronic foci of infection
Increasing the body’s resistance
Active immunization of pregnant women and women in labor with staphylococcal toxoid
Timely detection and rehabilitation of chronic staphylococcus bacilli carriers
Sanitary and hygienic control of the care of women in labor in maternity hospitals
Regular wet cleaning, UFOs in the wards
Prevention of birth injuries and massive bleeding during and after childbirth
