Listeriosis
Listeriosis refers to infectious diseases. It is characterized by damage to the nervous system and lymphoid tissue, the development of neoplasms in organs, usually in the liver.
CAUSES OF LISTERIOSIS
The causative agent of this disease is listeria. These bacteria are resistant to environmental influences, persist at low and moderate temperatures and can multiply in the soil for several years. They die when boiled and exposed to disinfectants.
Listeria has a wide area of distribution. The main natural reservoir is birds and animals. The main way of infection with this disease is through contact, through food, air, skin and mucous membranes. Newborns and the elderly are most susceptible to this disease.
TYPES OF LISTERIOSIS
The disease is characterized by a variety of clinical signs. It occurs in two forms: congenital and acquired.
SYMPTOMS OF LISTERIOSIS
Acquired listeriosis is characterized by an incubation period of two to four weeks. This type of disease is characterized by four clinical forms:
Anginous. It is manifested by fever, decreased appetite, headache, sore throat, general weakness, enlarged lymph nodes.
Ocular-glandular. The development occurs as a result of the penetration of listeria into the mucous membrane of the eyes. It is manifested by fever, decreased appetite, headache, sore throat, general weakness, enlarged lymph nodes and their soreness, purulent compartments in the corner of the eyes, narrowing of the eye slit, redness and swelling of the eyelids.
Typhoid form. It is manifested by prolonged fever and rash of various forms. This form is typical for children with immunodeficiency and newborns in the first year of life. Listeriosis of the nervous system is characterized by a course in the form of meningitis, in severe form. The consequences of the disease can be extremely negative: paralysis, lag in psychomotor development, mental disorders.
Congenital listeriosis is characterized by infection at any stage of pregnancy and during childbirth. The consequences of this infection are different: the development of children with birth defects, stillbirth, spontaneous abortions, etc.
Congenital listeriosis is a severe infectious disease in which the risk of death is extremely high. It does not have specific clinical signs, however, it may manifest:
Minengoencephalitis and meningitis. The main symptom is depression of consciousness or overexcitation.
Jaundice (liver damage).
Various rashes (bruised, lumpy or nodular).
Marbling and cyanosis of the skin.
Frequent change of pulse.
Lethargy and lethargy.
Unmotivated refusal to feed.
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DIAGNOSIS OF LISTERIOSIS
The main diagnostic measures are aimed at identifying the pathogen. Biopsy of enlarged lymph nodes, pharyngeal mucus, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood are used as research material. If a newborn is examined, an analysis of umbilical blood and meconium is taken.
TREATMENT OF LISTERIOSIS
The tactics of therapy are predetermined by the clinical form of the disease. First of all, isolation of the patient is required. Bed rest is prescribed, with complete restriction of physical activity.
Medical treatment includes antibacterial therapy and anti-inflammatory drugs. From a number of etiotropic agents, the appointment of erythromycin, doxycycline and tetracycline is indicated. In the nervous form of the disease, benzylpenicillin is administered intravenously. The ocular-glandular form is treated with the use of albucide and hydrocortisone emulsion.
Antipyretic and antihistamines are prescribed symptomatically, detoxification therapy is carried out.
