Leishmaniasis
Leishmaniasis is the name of a group of infections that develop intracellularly by parasitic protozoa. The carriers of this disease are female mosquitoes.
reasons
The cause of the development of this ailment is the bite of the vector with the penetration of the pathogen into the body. Leishmanias spread with the flow of lymph, affecting primarily the lymph nodes.
TYPES OF LEISHMANIASIS
Visceral leishmaniasis
Leishman–Donovan disease. It is widespread in Latin America and Europe. Carriers are dogs, foxes and rodents.
East African leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution is East Africa. It occurs in young men, the disease is characterized by nodular skin lesions.
Indian leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution is Bangladesh and Eastern India. When the disease affects the adrenal cortex.
Mediterranean-Central Asian leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution is North Africa, Southern Europe. It is mainly found in children, accompanied by a high temperature.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
Cutaneous leishmaniasis of the New World. The territory of distribution is South and Central America. The disease affects workers who are engaged in forest work. The disease has an incubation period of 1 to 4 weeks.
Cutaneous-mucous Brazilian leshmaniasis. The territory of distribution of the forest of South America. The disease is characterized by extensive damage to the skin and mucous membranes.
Uta leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution is the highlands of South America. The disease is characterized by the formation of single ulcers.
Diffuse leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution of the New World. The symptoms of the disease are similar to the African and Asian types, accompanied by gross deformational changes in the auricles. The carriers are mosquitoes.
Borovsky’s disease. The distribution area is areas with low subsurface waters. The carriers are mosquitoes. The disease has an incubation period of 2 to 5 weeks. The disease is characterized by the defeat of open skin areas of the body.
Anthroponous leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution of the city of the Middle and Middle East, the Mediterranean. The disease is characterized by a long incubation period.
Zoonotic leishmaniasis. The territory of distribution of deserts and semi-deserts of Africa, India and Central Asia. The disease is characterized by a short incubation period.
Recurrent (lupus) leishmaniasis. The disease is characterized by partial healing of the lesion.
SYMPTOMS OF LEISHMANIASIS
Visceral form of leishmaniasis
The disease has a long incubation period from 3 to 12 months, after which it actively manifests itself. For the Asian region, the incubation period lasts one month, after which the symptoms of infection are actively manifested.
The main symptom of the disease is fever, which has the character of seizures. The attacks last for several weeks, and then gradually fade away, repeat irregularly. The patient has an increase in the liver and spleen, edema appears, diarrhea begins. Sometimes anemia is fixed.
Cutaneous form of leishmaniasis
This disease is characterized by deforming, but at the same time painless manifestations of lesions of the nose and mouth. Gradually they spread to neighboring areas, in the form of ulcers on the tongue and mucous membranes of the nose and mouth, having erosive and mushroom-shaped forms. This clinical form of the disease is characterized by relapse attacks that occur some time after the disappearance of visible foci. During the disease, the destruction of the hard shell of the palate, pharynx and nasal septum occurs. With the disease, there is a sharp decrease in weight and feverish conditions.
DIAGNOSIS OF LEISHMANIASIS
Several measures are carried out to detect pathogens:
A smear of the spleen, bone marrow and lymph nodes is taken.
ELISA is performed, this is a specific method to confirm the diagnosis of visceral lesion.
DNA hybridization, for species identification.
Skin samples with leishmanin are taken.
TREATMENT OF LEISHMANIASIS
The patient, based on laboratory data, is prescribed specific medication. In the mandatory mode, enhanced balanced nutrition, oral hygiene, bed rest.
