Intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Intra—flow papilloma of the breast is a benign tumor that can develop in the lumen of the mammary duct of the glands. Externally, intra-flow papillomas of the mammary gland (they are also called papillary cystadenomas) resemble papillary outgrowths that arise inside the milk ducts. In the section, such papillomas are similar to a cyst, inside which there is a liquid with blood. Papillomas of the mammary glands can be easily injured, in this case, the bloody fluid enters the ducts and is removed from the nipple outside. The size of a papilloma can vary from a few millimeters to several centimeters, and it can develop either in one breast or in two at once. Papillary cystadenomas can occur at any age — both during puberty and postmenopause. Most often, intra-flow papilloma of the breast occurs in women after 40 years, since natural breast changes occur at this age. In the area of intra-flow papilloma, the development of necrosis and hemorrhage can be observed. Sometimes multiple intracurrent breast papillomas can lead to the development of papillary breast cancer.
The content of the article:
Classification of intracurrent breast papillomas
Causes of the development of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Symptoms of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Diagnosis of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Treatment of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Prevention of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Classification of intracurrent breast papillomas
Papillary cystadenomas in the mammary gland can develop in different parts of the ductal glands. Depending on the localization, mammary papillomas can be central (located in the area of the areola), as well as peripheral. In addition, papillomas can be single and multiple. Single (solitary) mammary papillomas are most often located in the subareal region, and multiple — in the peripheral parts of the mammary glands. It is these multiple intra-flow papillomas of the mammary glands that are prone to malignancy. They can lead to papillary breast cancer — intracystic or intracurrent.
Causes of the development of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
The main reason that can lead to the development of intra-flow papilloma of the mammary glands is hormonal imbalance. Any hormonal changes (ovarian dysfunction, adnexitis, abortion, obesity) can provoke the development of papillary cystadenoma. The risk group most often includes women who have not given birth and who smoke. The probability of developing papillomas of the mammary glands in patients with children who breastfed and used hormonal contraception is significantly less.
Most often, papillary cystadenomas can develop against the background of mastopathy. At the same time, expansion occurs in the duct of the mammary gland, and papillary neoplasms appear there. Often, intra-flow papilloma of the breast appears in patients whose family had cases of breast tumor lesions.
Symptoms of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
An important sign of intra-flow papilloma of the breast is the appearance of secretions of a different nature from the nipple. The discharge can be transparent, whitish, greenish, brown or bloody.
Breast papilloma can be probed, but only when it is located in the main ducts. The papilloma is felt in the form of a small, slightly painful elastic node, from which, when pressed, bloody discharge appears, and the tumor itself decreases. Sometimes, due to the inflammatory process around the intra-flow papilloma of the breast, edema develops, and the tumor becomes denser.
Quite often, the symptoms of intra-flow papilloma of the breast are unexpressed and the disease is detected accidentally during preventive examinations.
Diagnosis of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
An experienced mammologist can already suspect the presence of intra-flow papilloma of the breast on the basis of palpation of the breast. Further diagnosis of papilloma should be carried out on the basis of clinical and radiocytological data. Mandatory in this case is the analysis of secretions taken from the nipple.
Other methods of diagnosing intra-flow papilloma of the breast include ultrasound and mammography. These diagnostic methods do not allow to detect breast papilloma one hundred percent, but they allow to exclude other types of pathology of the mammary glands.
Ductography is considered to be the most effective method in the diagnosis of intra-flow papilloma of the breast. It consists in the fact that a very thin catheter is inserted into the duct of the breast through the nipple. Through it, a special radiopaque substance is injected into the mammary gland. After that, a routine mammography is performed. With such mammography, intra-flow papilloma of the breast looks like a defect in the filling of the duct. The procedure is painless, it takes about 30 minutes. Sometimes a woman may experience slight discomfort in the chest area. Ductography makes it possible to identify both benign and malignant changes in the ducts of the mammary glands, which cannot be detected in any other way. This diagnostic method makes it possible to determine exactly where papillary cystadenomas are located, which is very important for further treatment and surgery.
Before conducting the study, it is forbidden to massage the breast, squeeze it and express milk. In order to exclude oncopathology in the diagnosis of breast cancer, a study is conducted on the cancer marker.
Treatment of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
Papilloma can lead to breast cancer, therefore, those who are diagnosed with intra-flow papilloma of the breast require only surgical treatment. Some of the affected tissues can be removed during a biopsy, which is a minimally invasive alternative to surgery. If after that the discharge from the nipples continues, then surgery is required for the treatment of intra-flow papilloma of the breast. With papillary cystodenoma, the surgeon performs a sectoral resection of the breast, i.e. removes tissues in which duct changes have occurred and intra-flow papillomas have formed. The incision is made in the nipple area.
The pain after surgery is usually mild, and a small scar remains near the nipple, which eventually becomes almost invisible. Sometimes the sensitivity of the nipple decreases after surgery. Patients who have been found to have multiple papillary cystodenomas or abnormal cells during the study, further regular visits to the doctor and medical examination are required.
Sometimes, if the tests confirm that the neoplasm is not prone to degeneration, and the patient is not genetically predisposed to cancer, conservative treatment may be prescribed under the supervision of a doctor. The patient is prescribed antiviral drugs, drugs for the correction of immunity, antioxidants.
Prevention of intra-flow papilloma of the breast
To prevent the development of intra-flow papilloma, it is necessary to undergo regular examination by a mammologist, as well as timely treatment of mastopathy, various inflammatory and hormonal disorders. It is possible to detect intra-flow papillomas of the breast at the initial stages of development independently with a palpatory examination of the breast.
