Hyperprolactinemia

Hyperprolactinemia is a condition in which there is an increased content of the pituitary hormone prolactin in the blood. At risk are young women under the age of 35-40 years. In men, hyperprolactinemia is much less common.

CAUSES OF THE DISEASE
Among the main causes of hyperprolactinemia are the following:

Pituitary tumor (pituitary adenoma) is the most common cause. As a rule, the size of such a tumor does not exceed several millimeters. In fact, pituitary adenoma is a benign formation, it is not cancer in its full sense.
Hypothyroidism is an inhibition of thyroid function.
Pathology of the ovaries.
Cirrhosis of the liver.
Encephalitis, meningitis and other brain diseases.
Kidney failure, which has a chronic character.
Taking medications containing estrogen (contraceptives), as well as antidepressants.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
The main manifestations of hyperprolactinemia in women are menstrual cycle disorders, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation), milk excretion in the absence of pregnancy, infertility. Men are concerned about a decrease in potency, inhibition of sexual desire, and occasionally there is also a release of milk from the mammary glands. Acne rashes and excessive hair growth on the whole body are also possible. If the cause of hyperprolactinemia is pituitary adenoma, then headaches and vision problems may also occur as it develops.

diagnostics
The diagnosis of “hyperprolactinemia” is made by an endocrinologist or gynecologist-endocrinologist. The list of examinations necessary for diagnosis is as follows:

Analysis of blood from a vein for prolactin content,
Hormonal blood tests for other hormones,
Pituitary examination – MRI examination of the brain,
Women have a mandatory consultation with a gynecologist.
PRINCIPLES OF TREATMENT
Treatment of hyperprolactinemia depends on the cause that caused the disease. In the event that the pathology is caused by problems with the adrenal glands, hormone therapy is prescribed, leading to normalization of the production of the hormone prolactin.

If hyperprolactinemia has arisen as a consequence of taking medications, then they should be canceled before the menstrual cycle is restored and the manifestations of hyperprolactinemia cease.

In addition, other medications may be prescribed to help bring the prolactin content in the blood to normal. Complex therapy helps to restore the ability to conceive in women, stop the production of milk in both men and women, normalize the general condition. As a rule, the effect of therapy is noticeable already 1-2 months after the start of treatment.

With pituitary adenoma, surgery can be prescribed, but only if conservative treatment has not given the desired effect, and serious disorders in the body occur. As an additional method, radiation therapy can also be used – both against the background of taking medications, and after surgery to remove the pituitary gland.

PREVENTION
In order to prevent the development of hyperprolactinemia, the following simple rules should be followed:

If possible, give up smoking and drinking alcoholic beverages,
Lead a healthy lifestyle with regular physical activity,
Eat right, exclude fatty and smoked foods from the diet, as well as canned food and, if possible, salt,
Eliminate excessive emotional stress,
Regularly visit a doctor for a preventive examination (a urologist for men and a gynecologist for women), it is recommended to do this at least once a year,
Monitor the state of the organs of the reproductive system, treat emerging diseases in a timely manner,
To exclude promiscuous sexual relations and too frequent use of barrier contraceptives.

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