Flu

Influenza is an acute viral infectious disease. Characterized by general intoxication with damage to the upper respiratory tract.

ETIOLOGY
The influenza virus has a short incubation period. Transmission routes: aerogenic, contact-household. Children, elderly people, and people with chronic diseases are more likely to get sick.

The incubation period is from several hours to 3 days. The patient secretes the virus for 8 days. Immunity after recovery is unstable – virus type A 1-3 years, type B 2-4 years, type C – more than 5 years. Children under the age of 6 months also have strong immunity. The source of the disease can only be a sick person. Infection occurs when coughing, sneezing, breathing, talking. Also, the source of influenza (type A) can be birds and animals.

symptoms
Intoxication – chills, fever, fever, headache (forehead, eyes), weakness, dizziness, myalgia, vomiting is possible, which does not bring relief. Hypersthesia, tachycardia, decreased blood pressure.
Catarrhal syndrome – nasal congestion without discharge. The discharge appears only a few days after the onset of the disease. Pain behind the sternum, painful nasal cough.
Hemorrhagic syndrome – occurs in 10% of cases. Nosebleeds, the development of acute hemorrhagic pulmonary edema.
COMPLICATIONS
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs of bacterial and viral etiology
Otitis media – inflammation of the middle ear (serous and purulent)
Sinusitis is an inflammation of the sinuses of the nose – frontal, maxillary, latticed, sphenoidal, ethmoidal
Pyelonephritis is an inflammatory disease of the pelvis in the kidneys with subsequent involvement of the ureters
ITSH – infectious-toxic shock, an emergency condition, without medical care leads to a terminal condition, and then to clinical death
INFECTIOUS AND TOXIC SHOCK
This is an acute circulatory insufficiency, leading to severe metabolic damage and the development of multiple organ failure. Has 3 degrees.

Grade 1 is characterized by a severe condition, CNS excitation. Pain syndrome is very pronounced. The patient is pale, the limbs are cyanotic, hypersthesia. Accompanied by shortness of breath, tachycardia, increased blood pressure. Diuresis is reduced.

The 2nd degree is already characterized by central nervous system depression. The patient is inhibited, cyanotic, the temperature is normalized. Blood pressure is sharply reduced to 80/60 mmHg, tachycardia. Kidney function is reduced – oliguria, anuria.

Degree 3 – subcompensation. The patient sees hallucinations. Total cyanosis, hypothermia, anesthesia, no pulse, anuria.

diagnostics
In a clinical blood test – leukopenia, netropenia, eosinophyllia, ESR is normal or reduced. Laboratory diagnostics also includes serological blood analysis – RNGA, RSC, ELISA, smears-prints from the nasal mucosa.

treatment
Children under 2 years of age, with severe forms of influenza, persons from closed institutions (boarding schools, prisons) are subject to hospitalization.

For the period of fever, bed rest is prescribed + 2 days after it, plentiful warm drink up to 2.5 liters per day. Drug therapy includes antiviral drugs, antipyretics, antihistamines, expectorants. For hemorrhagic syndrome – anticoagulants. Mustard plasters, inhalations, oxaline ointment, drops of Karmolis give a good effect.

PREVENTION
Non–specific – compliance with the rules of personal hygiene – the use of gauze bandages, the organization of quarantines for epidemiological indications. A flu patient should be isolated, ventilated or quartered in the room in which he is located.

Specific – vaccination against influenza according to the vaccination calendar with drugs such as “Grippol”.

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