Fatness
Obesity is a disease characterized by the deposition of fat and an increase in body weight due to the fat layer. Currently, it is assessed by doctors as a chronic metabolic disease that can occur at any age in persons of any gender. The overall morbidity and mortality in this disease increases in direct proportion.
PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
Hypodynamia – low mobility of the patient
Genetic destruction: increased level of lipogenesis and reduced lipolysis.
Endocrinological disorders – thyrotoxicosis, hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, insulinoma.
Mental disorders – eating disorders – pathological overeating, frequent meals in huge portions.
Constant stress
Violations, an imbalance between the food taken and the energy spent.
Lack of sleep, chronic fatigue syndrome.
Taking psychotropic drugs.
CLASSIFICATION OF OBESITY
Central obesity. In this type of obesity, adipose tissue is most concentrated in the abdominal area. This is the most dangerous type of obesity, as it most often causes diseases of the cardiovascular system, type II diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension. The diagnosis of central obesity is made if, with the ratio of waist and hip volume, the final result exceeds 0.8 for the female population and 0.95 for the male.
Most often, obesity is the result of endocrine pathology, with disorders of fat (lipid) metabolism.
symptoms
Obesity is characterized by excessive fat deposition in various anatomical areas: mammary glands, abdomen, waist, hips and overweight. Also, such patients have an increased body mass index.
The Quetelet index is calculated using the following formula: the patient’s body weight is divided by his height squared. The normal level of body mass index is considered to be a range between 18.5 and 23.
Obesity of the first degree is diagnosed with a body mass index of 24-28, of the second degree – 29-35, of the third degree with a body mass index above 36 units.
COMPLICATIONS
Metabolic syndrome
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Gastroesophageal reflux
Coronary heart disease
Stroke, myocardial infarction
Arterial hypertension
Cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, cholangitis
Pancreatitis
Diseases of the joints, spine
Liver diseases – fatty degeneration
diagnostics
Body mass measurement
Body mass Index measurement
Magnetic resonance imaging
Consultation of an endocrinologist
Consultation of a gastroenterologist
Measurement of the circumferences of the chest, waist, hips, legs in the upper third and others
treatment
Diet therapy. The diet includes a large amount of fiber, vitamins. Exclude simple carbohydrates, vegetable and animal fats. Fried, fatty, flour, sweet, baking, bread (especially white) is prohibited, the use of sugar is limited. It is recommended to eat cereals, whole grain products, nuts (in small quantities), fruits.
Drugs in the treatment of obesity: drugs that affect appetite are used – amphetamine derivatives that accelerate metabolism, affect the ability to absorb lipids (blocking), drugs that significantly reduce appetite – anorexics. The most common drugs are Orlistat, Xenical, Sibutramine, Reduxin, Rimonabat, Metformin, Exenatide and others. All medications are given strictly by prescription. And also carefully controlled medication intake, according to the therapeutic dose. Herbal preparations – herbal laxatives and diuretics. However, taking such drugs is not recommended, since they remove excess fluid and slags from the body, but do not affect fat deposits in any way. Improper use can cause profuse diarrhea, dehydration, loss of electrolytes, including potassium, which, in turn, can provoke seizures and other complications.
Surgical treatment: gastric bypass surgery – the division of the stomach into large and small sections. Gastric banding is the imposition of a silicone ring on the place of transition from the esophagus to the stomach. Sleeve gastroplasty – removal of some part of the stomach – formation of a long tube. Abdominoplasty.
