Epidermophytia of nails

Epidermophytia of nails
Epidermophytia of nails is a disease during the development of which the nail plate is affected by fungi from the genus of epidermophytes. Cases of the disease are quite common. The appearance of stripes and yellow spots on the nail are the first signs of nail epidermophytosis, over time, yellowness can spread over the entire surface of the nail.

The content of the article:
Symptoms of nail epidermophytosis
Diagnosis of nail epidermophytosis
Treatment of nail epidermophytosis
Prevention of nail epidermophytosis
Epidermophytia of nails
The nail plate thickens, deforms, becomes brittle and brittle. Fungal lesions appear on the nails of the first and fifth toes (about 90% of cases), this is due to their periodic injury with shoes. This whole process further leads to a complete loss of the nail. To diagnose this disease, it is enough to inspect the affected nail plate and take a scrape from the surface of the nail for microscopic analysis, during which the pathogen is determined.

You can get infected with epidermophytosis by contact, most often it happens in public places where people can walk barefoot — in swimming pools, gyms, baths and saunas. Adults are more likely to fall into the risk group of nail epidermophytosis. Cases of this disease in children are rare. Most often, urban residents suffer from this ailment.

Symptoms of nail epidermophytosis
The development of nail epidermophytosis begins with the appearance of yellowish spots and stripes from the free end of the nail. After some time, the spots increase significantly in size, up to the full coverage of the nail plate. There are two variants of the course of nail epidermophytosis.

Hypertrophic epidermophytia of nails
The first is hypertrophic epidermophytia of the nails, during which there is thickening, deformation of the nail plate, it becomes brittle, fades and begins to crumble, and the free edge of the nail looks as if it was bitten. The process is accompanied by subcutaneous hyperkeratosis — accumulation of horny masses under the nails.

Onycholytic epidermophytia
The second variant of this disease is more unpleasant. The nail can thin out and gradually be rejected, this happens with onycholytic epidermophytia of the nails.

The main difference between epidermophytosis of nails from other mycotic diseases is that only the nails of the feet are damaged, the nail plates on the hands remain intact. This disease is characterized by a long course, in some cases up to ten years. Exacerbations usually occur in summer, at high ambient temperatures.

About a third of patients simultaneously suffer from epidermophytosis of the feet, while the characteristic signs are the formation of edematous, red and flaky foci on the legs, sometimes bullous rashes.

Diagnosis of nail epidermophytosis
The first stage of the diagnosis of nail epidermophytosis is a visual examination of the patient and the identification of clinical signs. The final diagnosis can be made only after microscopic examination of the nail plate, scales or other elements of the affected nail. The results of such an analysis should show the presence of mycelium filaments. By sowing on a Saburo medium, it is possible to determine the type of pathogen. An important stage in the diagnosis of this disease is a differential diagnosis to distinguish epidermophytia from other similar diseases.

Treatment of nail epidermophytosis
Treatment of nail epidermophytosis includes, in the vast majority of cases, a set of measures aimed at eliminating the affected nail. The operation is performed under local anesthesia after testing for sensitivity to anesthetic. After removing the nail plate, its bed is treated with a solution of brilliant green or fucarcin (aniline dyes), as well as nitrofungin, Castellani liquid (fungidride agents). Bandages with antimycosis ointments are applied (“Mycozolone”, “Mycoseptin”, “Kanesten”, Wilkinson ointment), if hyperkeratoses occur, keratolytic drugs are used. Treatment of nail epidermophytosis can be quite long and can take many years.

It is important to remember about the prevention of the disease, because it is always easier to prevent than to spend a lot of time and effort on treatment later.

Prevention of nail epidermophytosis
Measures to prevent nail epidermophytosis will be simple hygiene principles. When visiting baths, showers or swimming pools, you must use individual rubber slippers, have drying powders and a separate towel for your feet. It is worth paying due attention to shoe disinfection. If the first symptoms occur, you should immediately consult a doctor.

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