Endometrioid ovarian cyst
An endometrioid ovarian cyst is an abnormal growth on top of the ovarian tissues. The cyst consists of residual menstrual clots. Along the line of its circumference, endometrial growth is observed.
The content of the article:
Endometrioid cyst of the right ovary and the left — what is it and who is susceptible to formation?
Causes of ovarian endometrioid cyst
Symptoms of endometrioid ovarian cyst
Diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian cyst
Treatment of endometrioid ovarian cyst
Prognosis after treatment of endometrioid ovarian cyst
Endometrioid ovarian cyst
Endometrioid ovarian cyst, the symptoms are as follows:
violation of the menstrual cycle;
the presence of cramping pain syndrome;
there are symptoms of an “acute abdomen”;
in some cases, the occurrence of infertility.
The symptoms of an endometrioid cyst may not have signs, which jeopardizes subsequent diagnosis and timely treatment.
Diagnosis of an ovarian cyst consists in laparoscopy and ultrasound examination. Ovarian cyst is endometriodic, the treatment of which is carried out under conditions of a long period of hormone therapy, and in severe condition surgical removal is performed — a fairly common disease.
Endometrioid cyst of the right ovary and the left — what is it and who is susceptible to formation?
The risk of the disease is especially significant for women of reproductive age, up to the onset of menopause. Often, a cyst develops as a concomitant disease of the reproductive system, against the background of endometrial hyperplasia, as well as uterine fibromyoma. The focus of the cyst is a plaque, the size of which can reach up to 12 cm in diameter.
Modern gynecology differentiates this disease as a form of manifestation of genital endometriosis. The endometrioid cyst of the left ovary very often develops together with the cyst of the right ovary.
Endometrioid ovarian cysts are characterized by tissue proliferation at the cellular level, these tissues make up the vaginal mucosa. Subsequently, the internal organs are affected:
fallopian tubes;
ovaries;
vagina;
the peritoneum area.
The formation of ovarian cysts occurs in the activity phase, it is based on hormonal disorders that lead to a change in the menstrual cycle. With monthly menstruation, endometrial tissues increase, which provokes the appearance of endometrioid cysts. Inside they accumulate blood clots of cherry and dark brown color. The bloody secret expands every month, without going beyond the ovaries. Thus, the occurrence and subsequent manifestation of the disease occurs.
Causes of ovarian endometrioid cyst
The reasons for the appearance of endometriodic ovarian cysts are as follows:
mechanical damage to the uterus: surgical abortion, curettage of the uterine cavity, diathermocoagulation;
retrograde menstruation: spotting connects with pieces of the endometrium and settles in the fallopian tubes, peritoneum, ovaries;
metaplasia: the presence of residual pieces of embryo tissue;
reduction of the body’s protective functions;
genetics;
hormonal disorders as a result of endocrine diseases;
the presence of diseases such as diabetes, obesity;
the use of an intrauterine device as a contraceptive for a long period;
the presence of diseases of the reproductive system: oophoritis, endometritis, etc.
It is also worth noting that any stresses leading to the initial stages of various neurological diseases can provoke the appearance of an endometrioid cyst of the left and right ovaries.
Symptoms of endometrioid ovarian cyst
The symptoms of an endometriotic ovarian cyst depend on a number of factors:
degrees of manifestation of endometriosis;
the presence of diseases of the genitals;
the presence of chronic diseases in the anamnesis;
emotional state of the patient.
Endometrioid ovarian cysts may not have characteristic signs of manifestation. The symptoms of the disease will be the following clinical manifestations:
pain in the lumbar region with a shift to the cross-shaped zone;
abdominal pain;
pulling pains of the lower abdomen;
pain syndrome during intimacy;
the presence of discomfort in the rectal septum area;
increase in the menstrual cycle;
constant brown discharge in the middle of the cycle, before and after menstruation;
individually, there is an increase in temperature, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weakness, drowsiness;
infertility.
In the presence of a large hearth in diameter, as well as with the rupture of a cyst and the release of accumulated menstrual clots, a woman may develop a syndrome of “acute abdomen”. It is characterized by cramping pain, starting from the sternum and up to the groin area, swelling and protrusion of the peritoneum area.
The increase in the focus of inflammation in the ovary is due to their functional and anatomical changes:
ovarian dysfunction;
degenerative manifestation of eggs;
development of follicular cysts;
adhesions of the pelvic organs.
Also, patients with endometrioid cysts have gastrointestinal problems: constant constipation, bloating, dysfunction of the genitourinary system.
The asymptomatic course of the disease increases the risk of endometrial tissue proliferation, which can lead to an irreversible process — rupture of the cyst, followed by its contents entering the abdominal area. And this can lead to the occurrence of peritonitis.
Diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian cyst
Diagnostic studies for the detection of disorders consist in conducting ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs together with Dopplerometry, MRI and laparoscopy.
In the presence of an ovarian cyst, ultrasound shows a regression of blood in the tissues of the formations.
Laparoscopy is by far the most accurate examination to detect an endometriosis cyst. A biopsy of the affected tissues is required to exclude a malignant tumor.
A blood test for the presence of cancer markers is also an integral part of the diagnosis of an endometrioid cyst. Performance indicators can be above the norm or within the minimum and maximum lines.
Treatment of endometrioid ovarian cyst
The form of ovarian cyst treatment depends on several factors:
patient’s age;
duration of the disease;
degree of endometriosis lesion;
the presence of diseases of the reproductive system;
the presence of infertility in the anamnesis;
the manifestation of extragenital inflammatory processes.
Endometrioid ovarian cysts: treatment can take place in the following variants:
Conservative: characterized by the use of hormone therapy, antispasmodics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin therapy, immunostimulants.
Surgical: ovarian cyst is endometrioid, treatment with this method involves surgery to remove formations on the ovary by laparotromic or laparoscopic method. This makes it possible to preserve the ovaries and their functionality.
Combined: the use of medical and surgical methods of treatment in combination.
The size of an ovarian cyst is one of the defining signs of a further treatment option. With a small focus, the use of hormonal drugs in conjunction with a low-dose monophasic COC is indicated. Hormone – based drugs include:
androgen derivatives;
prolonged MPA;
synthetic agonists of the GnRH group.
In the absence of dynamics of treatment of an endometrioid cyst, surgical intervention is indicated. The main signs for which the operation is prescribed:
cyst 5 cm or more;
the presence of endometriosis;
the presence of infertility;
in individual cases — identification of cancer markers.
Surgical interventions are not used for women of reproductive age with endometrioid cyst of the right ovary and pregnancy. In this case, the treatment tactic is to resect the ovary or remove heterotropic growths. It is mandatory to take hormonal medications before and after surgery.
Hormonal drugs of the “do” type reduce the inflammatory process in tissues affected by endometriosis, regress their form of activity and functionality, inhibit the reaction at the cellular level of adjacent tissues.
Horomnotherapy “after” is necessary for the prevention of relapse, as well as for the complete disappearance of residual fragments of endometriodic cysts.
The rehabilitation process after removal of an endometrious ovarian cyst is inextricably linked with physiotherapy. The use of physiotherapy is one of the methods of prevention of pelvic adhesions, recurrence of endometriosis cyst; it includes:
ultrasound;
electropharesis;
SMT therapy;
laser application;
radon baths;
magnetic therapy;
etc .
In modern gynecology and everyday life, you can very often hear the question: can an endometrioid ovarian cyst resolve? Alas, without the use of complex treatment, taking hormonal drugs aimed at the regression of inflammatory foci and their subsequent complete removal, the endometrioid cyst of the ovary cannot resolve.
Prognosis after treatment of endometrioid ovarian cyst
Removal of the endometrial focus leads to a decrease in pain, the process of restoring menstruation is observed, and the ability to conceive is resumed.
Ultrasound examination after treatment of an endometrioid cyst and constant gynecological monitoring are the main requirements that must be met.
