Along with bruises, bruises, sprains, dislocation is one of the most common injuries that haunt a person throughout his life.
Dislocation is usually called a pathological condition of the joint in which its integrity is violated, the articular surfaces are displaced, the ligamentous apparatus of the joint suffers and the articular capsule is damaged.
CAUSES OF DISLOCATION
Most often they talk about congenital and acquired dislocations. Congenital is usually called the type of dislocation that is formed at the time of intrauterine development due to improper development of the musculoskeletal system of the fetus.
Acquired, or pathological dislocation is usually called such a dislocation that develops after diseases. Such diseases are arthrosis, osteomyelitis, tuberculosis of bones, arthritis.
Of course, it would be unfair to keep silent about such causes leading to the development of this pathological condition as injuries. Traumatic dislocations develop at the time of falls and bruises and can be characterized by damage to the surface of bones, ruptures of joint bags, violation of the skin and soft tissues, ruptures of tendons and nerve endings.
There is also a habitual dislocation, the cause of which is unqualified medical care in the form of insufficient immobilization of the previously affected joint.
TYPES OF DISLOCATIONS
The simplest classification of this joint condition is the classification according to the degree of lesion. There are complete dislocations (with a complete displacement of the bone surfaces in the joint) and incomplete dislocations, so-called subluxations (with a partial displacement of the articular surfaces relative to each other).
SYMPTOMS OF DISLOCATION
The most common in medical practice is considered a traumatic dislocation, the cause of which is clear from its name.
The dislocated joint is characterized by soreness, a change in its shape and size. There is swelling and impaired motor function. The patient can no longer completely repeat the range of limb movements that he could have done before the injury developed. If the nerves are damaged, a lack of sensitivity of the limb may develop.
Dislocations are often confused with fractures due to the development of acute pain in the limb if you want to move it. Diagnosis of dislocations should be carried out only by experienced medical professionals. An extremely important factor on which the prognosis of this condition depends is the first medical aid provided to the victim in the next few minutes after the injury. It is important to provide it correctly and begin transporting the wounded to a medical facility in the near future. In case of dislocation of the lower extremities, transportation should be carried out lying down. In case of dislocation of the upper extremities, it should be carried out sitting.
Diagnosis of dislocation
The diagnosis is made based on the visual picture, the patient’s complaints and anamnesis. Radiography of the affected joint may be prescribed for confirmation.
DISLOCATION TREATMENT
Therapy of this condition begins with the reduction of the articular ends to their physiological state. The procedure is performed under anesthesia. It should be carried out only by a certified doctor. The procedure is performed slowly, without jerks and sudden movements. The moment of reduction is accompanied by a characteristic click. After the reduction, the joint takes its usual forms and some passive mobility can be restored in it. After the reduction, the joint is immobilized to give it complete immobility (it is necessary to restore the functions of the dislocated joint). As a rule, the joint is cast. Depending on the severity of the dislocation, the plaster cast remains on the patient from 2 to 8 weeks. If you neglect the indications of doctors and wear a bandage for an insufficient amount of time, such an unpleasant complication as a habitual dislocation may develop. It occurs as a result of incomplete healing of the ligamentous apparatus and incomplete restoration of the capsule size.
For a speedy recovery, physiotherapy and therapeutic gymnastics are connected.
