Diseases of the sweat glands
Diseases of the sweat glands are one of the varieties of skin diseases in which the function of secreting secretions in various parts of the human skin is disrupted. There are about 3 million sweat glands on our body. Most of them are located in the armpit, on the palms, feet, and also in the groin.
The content of the article:
Anhidrosis
Treatment of anhidrosis
Hydradenite
How is the treatment carried out
Hyperhidrosis
How to cure hyperhidrosis
Osmidrosis
Sweating
Causes of sweating:
Symptoms of sweating
Chromidrosis
Diseases of the sweat glands
Sweat glands permeate the dermis and epidermis, are pumped by sweat pore. They serve to constantly cool the body and remove the waste products of cells through sweat. With various diseases of the sweat glands, their main function is completely or partially disrupted and this causes malfunctions in the work of the whole body, can lead to other diseases of different organs.
Anhidrosis
Anhidrosis is the inability of the sweat glands to release sweat secretions normally. There are both partial and complete anhidrosis. This disease is often called hypohydrosis. In the early stages, it is quite difficult to diagnose anhidrosis.
Usually, the causes of this disease can be skin injuries or the use of inappropriate and low-quality medications for the treatment of the cardiovascular system. But there is a congenital inability to sweat normally.
Also , the causes of this disease include:
mental disorders;
malfunctions of the nervous system;
dehydration of the body.
The first symptoms of anhidrosis in a patient may be: a sharp increase in temperature, lack of sweating in certain areas of the skin. At the same time, the body will try to compensate for the lack of cooling in one area, as a result of which the secretion of secretions increases sharply in another area of the skin.
There may be frequent flushes of blood to the face and neck, goosebumps on the skin despite the high ambient temperature. With complete anhidrosis, the patient is prohibited from performing any physical exercises and being subjected to various physical activities, as heat stroke may occur. And without timely assistance, a fatal outcome is possible.
Treatment of anhidrosis
The main aspects of the treatment of anhidrosis should include the elimination of the causes of this disease. The patient should avoid overheating, take various vitamin complexes and moisturize problem areas of the skin. Heavy drinking and intramuscular administration of vitamin B12 are also recommended.
Hydradenite
Hydradenitis is a purulent, often unilateral purulent inflammation of the sweat glands. It usually manifests itself in the armpits and in the groin, less often around the nipples. The causes of hydradenitis include a general weakening of the body’s immunity in diabetes, very strong sweating, non-compliance with personal hygiene rules and overweight.
The first symptoms of hydradenitis are the manifestation of small bumps on the skin in the area of the armpits and inguinal zone during palpation. The patient in places where the disease manifests itself at an early stage, there is a slight itching and pain during palpation. These bumps can eventually combine to form larger ones. Further, the neoplasms rapidly increase in size, fuse with the skin and swell outward in the form of pear-shaped inflamed nipples. There is swelling of the tissues around the affected area, painful sensations increase and the skin acquires a bluish hue.
The average time of active development of hydradenitis is 10-15 days, during which time individual nodes can merge, soften and fluctuation occurs during palpation. In the future, neoplasms spontaneously open and thick pus with blood impurities is released. In this case, a necrotic rod is not formed.
The maturation of hydradenite is very often accompanied by:
general weakness of the patient;
malaise;
a slight rise in temperature;
obvious soreness.
One of the possible options for the development of hydradenitis is the formation of a spilled dense board-like infiltrate, which causes painful sensations not only in motion, but also at rest. This makes the patient completely inoperable.
After the natural opening of the nodes and the removal of pus from them, the feeling of tension and pain decreases, and after a while, scarring of ulcers occurs, but the process of resorption of the infiltrate takes a longer time. Often, hydradenitis turns out to be recurrent, then treatment can be delayed for a long time.
How is the treatment carried out
Treatment of hydradenitis is carried out under the supervision of a dermatologist. From the first days, the patient should adhere to a strict diet, exclude spicy dishes, sweets from the diet, exclude smoking and alcohol.
Treatment is accompanied by antibiotics and sulfonamides. Necessarily, the patient should use various kinds of immuno-strengthening agents and vitamins. Nitrofurans and autohemotherapy are also applicable. Dry heat, UHF and ultraviolet irradiation are used for local treatment.
Hyperhidrosis
Hyperhidrosis is a disease of the sweat glands, which is manifested by excessive and uncontrolled sweating on certain areas of the skin or throughout the body as a whole. Basically, increased sweating is observed in the armpit area, on the palms and feet of the patient. The most unpleasant form of hyperhidrosis is osmidrosis — this is the case when sweat is accompanied by an unpleasant odor as a result of the addition of fungal and bacterial flora to sweat.
There are two types of hyperhidrosis: primary (ideopathic) and secondary, which is often caused by various diseases of the endocrine system such as diabetes, tuberculosis, stroke and hyperthyroidism.
With hyperhidrosis, the daily rate of human sweating increases up to 20 times and up to 1,500 ml of sweat can be released in one hour.
How to cure hyperhidrosis
Treatment of hyperhidrosis is carried out by conservative or surgical methods. During surgical intervention, the patient is removed from the sweat glands in the axillary area, this method does not exclude the possibility of a relapse of the disease, since over time the cells are restored and the procedure will have to be repeated. It is also possible to have ultrasound effects on human sweat glands or to perform a procedure for the administration of butulotoxin A (botox). The procedure of butulotoxin administration helps to cope with hyperhidrosis for about 6 months, but after the procedure will have to be repeated. Also in the treatment of hyperhidrosis, skin desiccation by electrophoresis is used, but this method is usually applicable only to the feet and palms.
Osmidrosis
Osmidrosis is a disease characterized by an unpleasant odor of sweat, which is usually caused by the presence of fungal flora. The causative agent of this disease is the bacterium Staphylococcus. Osmidrosis is often observed with hyperhidrosis, since excessive sweating in itself worsens hygienic qualities. Osmidrosis is also promoted by the presence of diseases of the endocrine system in the patient. In the treatment of osmidrosis, all methods are used to treat hyperhidrosis. To prevent osmidrosis, all the rules of personal hygiene should be observed, especially in the spring and summer period, you should take a shower 2-3 times a day. Also, you should not consume a lot of salt and its sulfur-containing medications.
Sweating
Sweating is one of the special forms of dermatitis, which manifests itself as a result of irritation of skin tissues due to excessive sweating.
Sweating may occur due to an increase in body temperature or the environment. And also in case of non-compliance with the rules of personal hygiene at the proper level. Because of this, the function of the sweat and sebaceous skin glands is disrupted, which causes a skin response.
Infants are often susceptible to this disease, since their skin is still too thin and does not have a good protective function. But the disease occurs in adults due to various disorders in the endocrine system, overweight, as well as with prolonged use of dense, non-breathable clothing.
Causes of sweating:
The main cause of sweating is insufficient ventilation of certain areas of the skin in the areas of natural folds: the axillary zone, groin, knee and elbow bends. The area under the mammary glands is also affected in women. In children and adults with very thick hair, there is a manifestation of sweating behind the ears. Also, sweating appears in areas of the body that are constantly under tight clothing (bras, swimming trunks, diapers, bandages and bandages).
Contribute to the development of sweating:
clothing made of dense, synthetic, non-breathing fabrics;
high air temperature combined with high humidity;
various injuries and chafing of the skin;
the use of various oily cosmetics that clog the pores.
Symptoms of sweating
There are three types of sweating: papular, red and crystalline.
Papular
Papular sweating is most often manifested in adults in conditions of high humidity and air temperature. Flesh-colored rashes appear on the skin in the form of small bubbles 1-2mm in diameter. It is manifested on the lateral surfaces of the chest and abdomen, as well as on the arms and legs. This type of sweating is characterized by severe peeling of the skin, dryness, itching and discomfort.
Red
Red sweating is manifested by the appearance of bubbles up to 2 mm in diameter in places of skin friction, which are filled with a cloudy liquid and are usually accompanied by redness of the skin around them. The bubbles itch very much, but do not merge with each other. It appears more often in adults.
Crystal
Children are most susceptible to crystal sweating. White or translucent small (up to 1 mm) bubbles form on the skin. These bubbles very often merge and form larger affected areas. The bubbles can burst and become infected easily. As with other forms of sweating, peeling and severe itching are observed. Puffiness of the skin is possible, which can cause false suspicions of measles, chickenpox and urticaria.
They occur throughout the body and, if they get a secondary infection, can cause the formation of pustules (pyoderma) and diaper rash.
The basis for the treatment of sweating in both children and adults is the opening of air access to the skin and strict adherence to hygiene rules.
You should not wrap the child up too much and wear tight things in which sweating increases, you should also avoid wearing synthetic clothing in a humid climate.
In the presence of rashes, drying measures are carried out: treatment with powders and a weak solution of manganese. The affected areas of the skin should be treated with antiseptics and low-fat ointments with betamethasone or preparations containing menthol can be applied topically to relieve itching.
In case of bacterial infection, antimicrobial drugs should be started.
When sweating, it is forbidden to use oils, creams and oily lotions, as they can aggravate the situation.
It is also necessary to consult a dermatologist and begin treatment of the primary manifestations of hyperhidrosis. Physical exertion should be avoided and slow acclimatization to a hot climate should be carried out.
Chromidrosis
Chromidrosis is the release of sweat of green, blue, black, yellow, red and other shades. This disease is extremely rare and most often manifests itself together with hyperhidrosis. It is also possible to manifest chromidrosis together with osmidrosis.
The cause of true chromidrosis is the secretion of a special pigment by the sweat glands — lipofuxin. There is also acquired chromidrosis, which is caused by a person’s professional activity. It occurs in people who work with cobalt, copper and other chemicals.
Chromidrosis can also develop due to the spread of fungal flora or bacteria through the body, this is due to neglect of personal hygiene rules.
The most common blue and red color of sweat in chromidrosis.
Chromidrosis is treated depending on its origin. If this is an occupational disease, then the patient should stop contact with the substance that led to chromidrosis.
In cases where the disease is caused by the proliferation of bacteria and fungal flora, you should wash with soap as often as possible and follow the rules of personal hygiene. Particular attention should be paid to areas of the skin in the groin, armpits and other places with excessive sweating.
Usually, before the treatment of chromidrosis, the patient should be relieved of hyperhidrosis, in such cases, sweat ceases to stain by itself.
In the treatment of true chromidrosis, which is associated with the production of the pigment lipofuxin by the sweat glands, an ultrasonic method of destruction of sweat glands and their removal by liposuction, surgical excision or curettage is used.
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