Cystitis in men
Cystitis is a common female disease. Does it occur in men? How does it manifest itself and what symptoms are characteristic of it? According to the recorded data, men do not often suffer from cystitis. The disease is diagnosed only in 1% of men whose age exceeds 45 years.
To confirm cystitis in men, the following diagnostic methods are used: a general urine analysis is taken and urine is collected for back-sowing, ultrasound of the genitourinary system is prescribed, spiral CT, cystography is performed. Treatment necessarily involves taking antibiotics, medications for symptomatic treatment, extracts and infusions of medicinal plants, physiotherapy is also used.
Causes of cystitis in men
Cystitis in a woman occurs due to the penetration of infection from the external environment. In men, the infection comes from the prostate gland or other organs of the genitourinary system. It is quite difficult for a young man to get sick with cystitis, to prevent the disease, one should adhere to the rules of personal hygiene. In older people, the disease occurs due to the spread of infection from existing genitourinary diseases, which are more typical for mature men.
Urological diseases that provoke narrowing of the urethra and stagnation of urine can cause the development of male cystitis. The causes contributing to the appearance of cystitis include: stones or foreign bodies that exit the bladder into the urethra, as well as prostate adenoma, tumors, diverticula and other diseases.
Due to the physiology of the male body – an elongated urethra, cystitis is rarely an isolated infection, the structure of the body prevents the pathogens from getting inside. Thus, cystitis is more associated with existing urethritis, prostatitis, vesiculitis. Similarly to women, the main causative agents of the disease are intestinal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungal infection of the genus Candida, Staphylococcus.
Cystitis can occur against the background of hidden venereal and other infectious diseases, which include gonorrhea, chlamydia, mycoplasmosis, etc.
If the infection that caused cystitis is descending, then most likely the disease is caused by kidney tuberculosis or pyelonephritis.
It is worth paying attention to the disease that has arisen against the background of tuberculosis. Very often, the tuberculosis etymology of the disease is not as pronounced as usual, while a man may experience subtle symptoms, subfebrile temperature, weakness and some symptoms of cystitis, as well as signs that are more characteristic of prostatitis, inflammation of the urethra, pyelonephritis, etc.
Recently, cases of tuberculosis infection in the country have become much more frequent. About 90% of the adult population of the country is infected with the microbacterium that causes tuberculosis. Poor nutrition, lack of physical activity, smoking, alcohol abuse, stressful situations are the main causes of weakening of the immune system. Weak immunity can cause the disease to come out of its latent state, while tuberculosis can affect not only the lungs, as is commonly believed, but also other organs, including the prostate, kidneys and testicles. The problem of tuberculosis settling in other human organs is that it disguises itself as other diseases. Even an analysis for the presence of Koch sticks in the body can be false negative. This happens because of incorrectly prescribed treatment, especially when taking fluoroquinolones to patients.
Acute diseases caused by viruses and infections, such as influenza, sinusitis, otitis media, sore throat, can cause the disease. Infection in this case occurs in a hematogenic way, that is, through the blood. The circulatory system transports the infection to the bladder, where it is localized. Therefore, cystitis can develop as a consequence of any other inflammation in the patient’s body.
Another cause of cystitis is the insertion of a catheter into the urethra during an examination, for example, a cystoscopy.
Maintaining an unhealthy lifestyle, excessive hypothermia, alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus and everything that reduces immunity can cause cystitis.
The development of the disease can lead to surgical intervention on the abdominal organs and with malignant neoplasms in the urethra and prostate gland.
Symptoms and signs of male cystitis, characteristic of acute and chronic forms of the disease
Acute cystitis is characterized by frequent urge to urinate, while the amount of urine is minimal, about 15 ml, sometimes the urge is accompanied by urinary incontinence.
The presence of pain, burning and cutting when urinating is considered the main symptom of cystitis. At the same time, the pain can be both very strong, almost unbearable, and quite tolerable. Pain occurs at the beginning of urination, and at the end. It can also be difficult to empty the bladder, despite the fact that there are urges. Between visits to the toilet, a man is usually tormented by aching pains in the groin, penis, pubic area.
Acute cystitis can be accompanied by intoxication of the body, fever, severe sweating, chills, loss of strength, headaches. In case of severe course of the disease, it is recommended to hospitalize the patient.
Severe acute cystitis often acquires a gangrenous and hemorrhagic form. In this case, the urine of men becomes cloudy, with impurities of blood and mucus, has an unpleasant smell, and its amount is reduced to a minimum and does not exceed 400 ml per day.
Chronic cystitis has less pronounced symptoms. The pain is usually moderate, frequent urges are not observed, there are no bloody impurities in the urine, only mucous membranes. Despite this, the disease is easy to recognize, because the course of the disease is undulating and has both remissions and exacerbations.
Methods of treatment of cystitis in men
If the patient has the symptoms described above, then he urgently needs to contact a urologist and undergo an examination. The urologist prescribes treatment only after carrying out diagnostic procedures, manipulation and collecting anamnesis of the disease.
The survey includes:
Taking a urogenital smear to detect hidden infections – STIs.
Delivery of urine to the bacposev, which reveals the presence of infections in it that are sensitive to antimicrobial drugs.
Delivery of a general urine test. It indicates the presence of inflammation in the patient’s body with an increased level of leukocytes, mucous impurities and erythrocytes. Checking for an acidic reaction of urine, allows you to detect tuberculosis.
If chronic cystitis is suspected, a cystoscopy is prescribed, which determines the presence of foreign bodies, stones and tumors. A biopsy is also performed.
In some cases, there is a need for cystourethrography and uroflowmetry to identify organic obstruction that occurs in men with cystitis.
Treatment of acute forms of cystitis, accompanied by severe pain that is not relieved by painkillers, is carried out after hospitalization of the patient. At the same time, a complete diagnosis of the patient is carried out, which allows to determine the causative agent of the disease and the concomitant disease that caused the development of cystitis.
Treatment of male cystitis usually includes the following methods:
The appointment of bed rest for the patient during the acute stage of the disease, which is accompanied by fever, severe pain. At the same time, antipyretic and painkillers are prescribed. During this period, the patient needs copious drinking, more than 2.5 liters of water per day, refusal of spicy, salty and acidic foods. Next – taking various medications.
Taking antibiotics to which the causative agent of the disease is sensitive. Usually these are fluoroquinolones, nitrofurans and cephalosporins, these include drugs such as Nocilin, Normax, Ciprolet A, Furadonin and others.
Phytotherapy. For the treatment of cystitis, it is necessary to prescribe diuretic and anti-inflammatory herbal teas from the lingonberry leaf, horsetail and bearberry. Before prescribing phytotherapy, it is necessary to exclude the possibility of individual allergic reactions to medicinal plants in the patient. In addition, medications based on natural ingredients are prescribed: “Cystone”, “Phytolysin”. With cystitis, taking cranberries and cranberry juice or taking cranberry extract, for example, the drug “Monurel”, will be useful. All phytopreparations need to be used for a long period of time. At the same time, it should be remembered that the main treatment is provided by broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Painkillers are prescribed to relieve pain and cramps. It is recommended to use antispasmodics – “Papaverine”, “Drotaverine”, as well as nonsteroidal drugs – “Diclofenac”, “Nimesulide”.
STI. Separately, the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases is prescribed, for the diagnosis of which PCR is prescribed. Such diseases can cause the development of cystitis, so you should not miss the possibility of their presence in the patient.
The symptoms of cystitis may differ depending on the type of pathogen and the diseases that caused it, which became the source of infection. Such diseases include: adenoma, prostatitis, kidney disease. Treatment of cystitis in this case consists in eliminating more dangerous symptoms.
In some cases, the urologist may prescribe washing of the focus of inflammation, which is carried out with the use of antiseptics and novocaine.
Physiotherapy procedures such as UHF, magnetolaser therapy, mud therapy and others are also indicated in the treatment of cystitis in men, they contribute to the recovery of the patient and facilitate the course of the disease.
