Cementoma
Cementoma is a disease that refers to diseases of the oral cavity. Cementoma is the development of a benign tumor in the oral cavity. The cement of the tooth is subjected to benign overgrowth.
Dental cement is a thin bone layer located on the surface of the tooth around its root. Cementoma can develop as a single neoplasm, or affect several roots of different teeth.
The disease affects mainly children and young people under the age of 25. In adults, the disease is quite rare. Girls are more likely to suffer by gender.
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
The fundamental factor in the development of the disease is the appearance of cement–like tissue. In this regard, the following types of cementoma are distinguished – gigantoform (rare), fibroma, cementodysplasia.
Cementoma is a benign disease that develops for a long time and for a long time. As a result of an increase in the tumor, a deformity of the jaw may occur. Most often, the tumor affects the lower jaw. The most rare are cementomas formed on the upper jaw.
In the body of a neoplasm under a microscope, it can be found that the tumor is filled with cement masses, as well as small cysts lined with flat epithelial cells.
In most cases, cementoma is detected accidentally during the diagnosis and treatment of other dental diseases in which X-ray diagnostics is performed. So cementoma is diagnosed in the early stages.
With conservative treatment, a recurrent course is observed.
SYMPTOMS OF CEMENTOMA
For a long time, the tumor does not manifest itself in any way, because its size is very small. The presence of a tumor is detected, as a rule, with a panoramic or targeted X-ray. The image shows a homogeneous shadow of oval or round shape with smooth, clear borders. In the future, the contents of the cementoma are viewed by microscopy. The tumor may contain inclusions inside itself: liquid, cholesterol crystals, calcinates,
If a cementoma occurs inside the lower jaw, functional disorders usually do not occur. If the tumor develops on the upper jaw (usually next to the wisdom teeth), the cementoma may grow into the maxillary sinus, which leads to the corresponding pathology.
The cementoma is always located at a close distance from the roots of the teeth, further forming a single whole with the affected tooth.
With gigantoform, the characteristic symptoms will be as follows – formations occur in unlimited quantities in different parts of the jaws. Inside, the tumor is filled with a cell-free substance and a cement mass.
Already developed cementoma is accompanied by visual defects of the face, jaw, exophthalmos is observed. In complex clinical cases, severe speech disorders and nutritional problems are observed.
TREATMENT OF CEMENTOMA
Despite the fact that cementoma is a benign tumor, it can still cause significant harm to the human body, especially if the size of the tumor becomes too large.
Therefore, the main and only method of treating this pathology is surgical intervention. Different specialists view surgical intervention differently. One group of doctors insists that cement needs to be treated in a radical way – completely removing the damaged bone, arguing that this is the only way to prevent further relapses.
Other doctors claim that even with humane excision of the tumor with the preservation of the jaw bone and skull
