Bruise
The term “bruise” means mechanical damage to soft tissues of any localization, in which no visible damage is noted on the skin. Such injuries are widespread both in the household and in the professional activities of each person, without exception. Bruises can be exposed not only to the external integuments, but also to the internal organs of a person, for example, a bruised spleen.
CAUSES OF BRUISES
The most common cause of such injuries is a fall from a small height to a hard flat surface or a blunt object blow. Quite often, hospitalization is indicated for bruises, since the consequences of this injury can be:
dislocations;
abrasions;
fractures;
spinal cord and brain concussions;
TYPES OF BRUISES
First degree: skin damage is insignificant, small scratches and abrasions may be noted. Bruises go away within a few days, do not differ in severe soreness.
Second degree: muscle tissues are torn as a result of aggressive exposure, a hematoma and swelling form at the site of injury. The patient has a sharp pain, which aggravates his general condition.
Third degree: damage occurs not only to the skin and muscle tissue, but also to tendons. In severe cases, it is a dislocation. Injuries such as bruising of the head, joints, knee or coccyx pose a real threat to the patient’s health.
Fourth degree: the normal functioning of human systems and organs is disrupted, and the injured areas cannot cope with their functions. This condition is dangerous for the patient’s life.
SYMPTOMS OF INJURY
The most pronounced symptom is the formation of bruises and hematomas, referred to in the common people as a bruise. The reason for this is the rupture of small blood vessels. The approximate time of its receipt is determined by the color of the damaged tissue.
When the joint is damaged, blood is poured into its cavity, which causes the patient to complain about the deterioration of the general condition and acute pain.
With the localization of a bruise on the head, the symptoms completely depend on those parts of the brain where the damage occurred.
diagnostics
The diagnosis of a bruise is based on the study of the medical history of the condition and the assessment of the patient’s clinical condition.
TREATMENT OF BRUISES
Depending on the location of the injury, various treatment methods are used:
Bruised eye. Occurs as a result of a blow to the eyeball with a blunt object. After receiving an injury, it may not show symptoms, but in the future it provokes deterioration of vision. First aid and subsequent treatment should be provided by an ophthalmologist, until then it is necessary to limit the movement of the head and eyes.
Injury to an arm, leg, or finger. It is necessary to apply a cold compress, for which you can use everything that can be found in the freezer. Cooling will reduce swelling and eliminate pain as the blood vessels will narrow. The injured limb should be located on an elevation to avoid circulatory disorders.
Bruising of the joint, provokes hemorrhage into the joint cavity, this causes a tumor of the periarticular area, with limited joint mobility. The treatment is carried out by a traumatologist. First aid involves the use of a cold compress, and anesthesia. It is necessary to use a fixing bandage to completely immobilize the damaged joint.
Bruised face. First aid involves the use of a cold compress, and anesthesia. In the presence of scratches and abrasions, they need to be treated with antiseptics to prevent infection.
Bruising of internal organs is the most difficult to diagnose, since it has no external manifestations. If you suspect the presence of this injury, you need to urgently seek medical help, since you can only determine the specific area of damage in a hospital.
