Bowen’s disease (intraepidermal cancer) is a fairly rare skin disease, dangerous because it turns into squamous cell carcinoma without medication. Both men and women are susceptible to the disease, most often between the ages of 65 and 80.
The content of the article:
Causes of Bowen’s disease
Symptoms of Bowe’s disease
Diagnosis of intraepidermal cancer
Treatment of Bowe’s disease
Bowen’s Disease Prognosis
Bowen’s disease
Some experts consider Bowen’s disease to be a cancer that does not metastasize and does not grow into surrounding tissues. This condition is called intraepidermal skin cancer. Other experts believe that Bowen’s disease necessarily degenerates into squamous cell carcinoma with simultaneous tumor growth and complete metastasis.
Causes of Bowen’s disease
The causes contributing to the disease and adversely affecting the skin include the following:
exposure to chemicals;
ultraviolet irradiation;
ionizing radiation;
traumatic injuries characterized by the appearance of scars;
some types of chronic dermatoses, such as lichen planus, dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa and other types.
Symptoms of Bowe’s disease
The neoplasm can be localized anywhere on the skin and on the mucous membranes, but most often it occurs in the perineum, on the skin of the trunk and upper extremities.
A small reddish spot with uneven edges appears on the affected area. The stain grows over time and turns into a peeling plaque, while the scales are easily removed from its surface.
With the further development of the tumor on the outer surface of the copper-red plaque, the upper layer of the epidermis thickens greatly, warty growths and atrophic changes are observed. The edges of the lesion rise above the surface of the skin.
If the disease turns into squamous cell carcinoma, plaque ulceration occurs.
Intraepidermal cancer (Bowen’s disease) has the peculiarity of manifesting itself in several foci at the same time, subsequently merging into one whole skin lesion. If the processes of Bowen’s disease occur directly on the mucous plaque, then it acquires a velvety papillomatous surface.
If the tumor is located in the nail area, then this leads to peeling of the skin around the nail, melting or ulceration of the nail plate. It is quite rare to find a pigmented form of intraepidermal cancer, in which the plaque has a dark color.
Diagnosis of intraepidermal cancer
To diagnose Bowen’s disease, a visual examination of the lesion site, a biopsy of the neoplasm and a histological examination of the resulting sample are performed.
The formation cells during histological examination are similar to squamous cell skin cancer cells, but the difference is that they are located only in the upper layer of the skin and do not go out into its inner layers, do not penetrate through the basement membrane of the skin.
Specialists in the diagnosis of Bowen’s disease need to differentiate it from psoriasis, eczema, lupus erythematosus, senile warts and others.
Treatment of Bowe’s disease
Over the years of studying this disease, experts have come to the conclusion that even with a small size of the neoplasm (less than 2 cm), adequate comprehensive treatment is necessary. An incorrectly chosen method of treating a tumor often leads to relapses. The best way remains surgical removal of the focus of intraepidermal cancer.
Such types of operable treatment as plaque electrocoagulation and cryodestruction are also possible. If for some reason the treatment of plaques is considered inoperable, then X-ray therapy is used.
Specialists use photodynamic therapy in combination with a laser light source and aminolevulin acids used as a photosensitizer to treat Bowen’s disease.
Bowen’s Disease Prognosis
As mentioned above, Bowen’s disease has a progressive course and at the earliest stages can turn into squamous cell skin cancer. Timely implementation of the correct course of treatment has a favorable prognosis. If any neoplasms of the skin of a person over 40 years of age are detected, it is mandatory to consult an oncologist or dermatologist. It should be remembered that Bowen’s disease, detected late, has every chance of degenerating into squamous cell carcinoma.
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