Bartholinitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the large bartholin gland. This gland is located in the vestibule of the vagina, with inflammation, microorganisms enter the duct of this gland, making it difficult to secrete it.
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
The causative agent of the disease is Gonococcus, E. coli, Staphylococcus, Trichomonas vaginalis and others. The disease develops as a result of the penetration of the primary infection from the urethra, vagina into the bartholin gland.
reasons
Non-compliance with personal hygiene rules
Venereal diseases
Frequent change of sexual partners
Reduced immunity
As a complication of artificial termination of pregnancy, gynecological operations
The bartholoic gland produces a mucous secret to moisten a woman’s vagina. Since the work of the bartholin glands is synchronized with hormonal changes – more secretions are formed during the premenstrual phase, during menopause they may be absent altogether, as a result, vaginal dryness forms, itchy cracks form, which is the entrance gate for infection.
symptoms
There are bartholinites:
Sharp
Chronic
Pseudoabcess
A true abscess
Bartholinitis begins with inflammation of the excretory duct. This is canaliculitis. Characteristic symptoms of folliculitis: local hyperemia, mucous or mucopurulent discharge. Then there is some softening of the skin of the labia minora, palpation can determine the place of inflammation. Most often, this is a one-sided process, so the symptoms are usually present on the side of the lesion.
Next, there is a thickening of the secretion of the bartholin gland, a blockage of the introductory duct. Visually: infiltration in the area of the vestibule of the vagina. At this stage, self–healing is possible – resorption of the infiltrate. However, if the process does not self-destruct, the abscess of the bartholin gland filled with purulent contents occurs. The gland is dense and painful on palpation, discomfort is felt when walking, sexual intercourse. Further development of the process leads to a pseudo–abscess – inflammation of the formed cyst, a true abscess – involvement of the tissues surrounding the gland in the inflammatory process.
In most cases, the process ends with spontaneous autopsy and suppuration, which is accompanied by a significant improvement in the patient’s condition: the disappearance of symptoms of intoxication, fever, soreness, discomfort.
diagnostics
To make a diagnosis, it is enough to examine the patient and anamnesis, subjective sensations of the patient (discomfort, visual changes, sharp soreness with running bartholinitis), palpation reveals a symptom of fluctuation – the soft contents inside the abscess are felt – pus.
Colposcopy, gynecological examination with mirrors.
Laboratory diagnostics of the contents of the gland to determine the pathogen, determination of sensitivity to antibacterial agents.
Serological examination – polymerase chain reaction – determination of the pathogen.
treatment
Antibacterial therapy: trichopol, amoskiclav and others
Cold locally
Sexual rest, motor rest
Surgical treatment if the abscess itself is not opened with subsequent drainage
Immunomodulators to increase the body’s resistance
Local therapy consists in the use of sedentary baths with antiseptics, the use of ointment (according to Vishnevsky, Ichthyol)
Physiotherapy: magnetotherapy, infrared irradiation give a good effect
Prevention
Rehabilitation of chronic foci of infection
Compliance with the rules of personal hygiene, daily shower 2 times a day, during menstruation and more
Exclusion of promiscuous sexual life
Strengthening immunity
Vitamin prophylaxis
Preventive examinations by a gynecologist with the delivery of appropriate tests
