Atrophic rhinitis

Atrophic rhinitis is a chronic inflammation of the nasal mucosa, accompanied by thinning of tissues, desolation of blood vessels and replacement of the ciliated epithelium with a flat one.

Reasons

The main cause of atrophic rhinitis is a prolonged inflammatory process occurring in the nasal mucosa. Pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microorganisms can provoke its development, especially Diphtheria bacillus, proteus, Klebsiella and E. coli.

Increase the risk of thinning of the mucous membrane:

hormonal imbalance;
hereditary predisposition;
iron deficiency anemia;
hypovitaminosis D;
autoimmune processes;
industrial hazards;
unfavorable climatic conditions;
improper treatment of acute inflammatory diseases of the nose.
It is possible to develop local (limited) atrophic rhinitis as a result of traumatic damage to the area of the mucous membrane (wounds, burns).

Symptoms

The main complaint presented by patients with atrophic rhinitis is dryness in the nasal cavity and a large number of crusts that irritate the mucous membrane and often cause sneezing and itching. The crusts are nothing more than dried-up mucosal separable.

The long course of the disease is accompanied by a violation of the sense of smell and even its complete loss, as well as a decrease in the resistance of the respiratory system to infections, which is manifested by frequent pharyngitis, sore throats, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. Often, mucosal atrophy extends to the pharyngeal region, leading to the development of atrophic pharyngitis. It is possible to combine this disease with chronic conjunctivitis, which is facilitated by atrophy of the epithelium of the lacrimal duct.

Diagnostics

The diagnosis is made based on the characteristic complaints of the patient and the picture obtained during an objective examination (instrumental rhinoscopy). If necessary, an endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and bacteriological seeding of smears from its mucous membrane are performed.

Basic principles of treatment

Conservative treatment involves the appointment of drugs such as:

antibiotics of systemic type of action are prescribed taking into account the sensitivity of the identified pathogen of inflammation;
weak salt solutions are used as a means for irrigation (moistening) of the mucous membrane, help to clean its surface from crusts, dust and other microscopic particles;
antibacterial agents and glucocorticosteroids for topical use;
multivitamin and mineral complexes.
Injections of biogenic stimulants into the nasal mucosa bring good results. Aloe juice can be used as a means to irrigate the mucous membrane.

It shows instillation and inhalation of oil solutions that promote nutrition and regeneration of the mucosa, application of mucosal softening ointments.

Physiotherapeutic treatment is used (UHF, inductothermy, nicotinic acid or iodine electrophoresis).

It is recommended spa treatment in a mild, humid climate, as well as balneotherapy, mud applications. Mud treatment is especially effective in combination with hydrogen sulfide baths and irrigation of the nasal cavity with sulfide water.

The ineffectiveness of conservative methods is an indication for surgical intervention – the installation of implants in the thickness of the nasal septum, the introduction of Teflon paste and other methods.

The prognosis is unfavorable, a complete cure is unlikely.

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