Anhidrosis

The term “anhidrosis” comes from the Greek words “hidros” (sweat) and “an” (particle denoting negation), which means “no sweat”. The essence of this disease is reduced to pathological changes in the sweat glands, which provoke a decrease in sweating or lead to its complete absence. There are congenital and acquired causes of anhidrosis.

The content of the article:
Causes of anhidrosis
Symptoms of anhidrosis
Diagnosis of anhidrosis
Treatment of anhidrosis
Anhidrosis
The latter are decisively influenced by a temporary functional reduction in sweating, as well as constant dryness of the skin. Diagnosis of anhidrosis includes special tests, thanks to which it is possible to determine the stimulation of sweating, followed by registration of the degree of hydration of the skin. The essence of treatment is to eliminate the causes that provoke the development of anhidrosis.

Causes of anhidrosis
The congenital form of anhidrosis is caused by underdevelopment of the sweat glands. Basically, this type is observed in anhydrotic ectodermal dysplasia. In turn, acquired anhidrosis can have atrophic, asthenic, traumatic, toxic, functional and neurological nature.

It has been proven that anhidrosis can occur under the influence of certain skin diseases. So, profunda sweating and red sweating negatively affect the work of the sweat glands. This condition causes the development of acute generalized anhidrosis. Sweating can be disturbed in areas of the skin affected by ichthyosis, leprosy, scleroderma and other diseases. Also, the cause of anhidrosis can be various diseases of the nervous system, damage to the spinal cord or peripheral nerves, causing disorders of the innervation of the sweat glands.

Another reason for the development of anhidrosis is taking medications, for example, choline or ganglioblockers, as a result of which the sweating process is disrupted.

Asthenic anhidrosis occurs with vitamin deficiency, cirrhosis of the liver, diabetes mellitus, Addison’s disease and others. Acute generalized anhidrosis can cause poisoning and intoxication of the body (pre-uremic conditions, toxicosis of pregnant women, cholera, diarrhea, radiation sickness, food intoxication) and dehydration.

In addition, a physiological violation of sweating can be observed with insufficient drinking regime. It is worth noting that in hot countries, blockage of sweat gland ducts with dust or taking an insufficient amount of fluid can provoke the occurrence of tropical anhidrosis.

Older people are at risk because their skin loses its properties, dryness appears, sweating significantly decreases. Genetic anomalies also have an impact on the “sweat potential” of a person.

Symptoms of anhidrosis
The first symptoms of anhidrosis are dry skin and lack of sweat. Due to dryness, painful cracks appear on the skin over time. In such areas, the skin is very easily injured, so there is a high risk of infection. There are cases of inflammatory changes under the influence of dermatitis. Toxic substances are excreted from the body with sweat, as a result of which, in cases of sweating disorders, intoxication phenomena with vomiting, fever and vasomotor reactions are observed. Since the burden of removing toxins falls on other organs, digestive disorders appear, and the amount of urine increases.

Acute generalized anhidrosis is characterized by the presence of dry, hot and red skin, an increase in body temperature, rapid heartbeat and breathing, clouding of consciousness, seizures are often observed.

In acute local anhidrosis, normally functioning sweat glands can intensively produce sweat, so patients complain of excessive sweating, and not of dry skin. But this is rather an exception.

If there is a lack of sweating for a long time, atrophy of the sweat glands occurs. There is also an increased risk that the disease will become chronic.

Diagnosis of anhidrosis
Anhidrosis has a number of its own characteristics, therefore, diagnosis includes conducting special tests with the use of drugs that increase sweating, as well as intradermal administration of histamine.

It is possible to determine the reduction of sweating on a certain part of the body thanks to special moisture detectors that are installed on the skin. The patient is wrapped in a thermal blanket, after which the detectors begin to record the level of sweating.

In addition, such tests include:

axonal reflex test;
skin biopsy;
the imprint of sweat on the silastic.
Treatment of anhidrosis
A disease such as anhidrosis does not always need to be treated. If treatment is necessary, then first of all it is necessary to eliminate the causes that provoke the development of anhidrosis.

Patients are advised to avoid overheating. Dry areas of the skin are lubricated with indifferent ointments and moisturizers. Intramuscular injections of vitamin B12 are used to improve the condition of the skin, multivitamins and retinol (vitamin A) are prescribed.

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