Alveolitis
Alveolitis is a disease of the oral cavity that develops when the tooth well is infected during its extraction (removal). The disease is accompanied by intoxication syndrome, weakness and general malaise, fever. Local manifestations include pain in an infected tooth socket, swelling, hyperemia, bad breath, purulent discharge.
reasons
Tooth extraction. When removing a tooth in violation of sanitary and epidemiological norms, infection of the dental well is possible. Normally, the hole heals in 2-3 days.
When removing the lower teeth, the frequency of alveolitis is slightly higher than when removing the upper teeth.
Complex clinical cases of wisdom teeth removal with their incorrect location are infected with the development of alveolitis in about 20% of cases.
symptoms
Because after tooth extraction, painful sensations still accompany the patient for some time. With normal healing, the pain goes away by the end of the first day. The swelling and redness also gradually subside. When the wound is infected, the pain does not subside, and in some cases even increases and is not stopped by analgesic drugs. The swelling increases, sometimes after eating, bleeding opens from the wound. With alveolitis, which developed after the removal of large molars, edema spreads not only to the gums, but also to the cheek, there is a swelling of the face on the affected side. After a few days, the taste of pus appears in the mouth, a fetid smell is heard from the mouth. Together with the listed symptoms, the body temperature rises, the regional cervical and mandibular lymph nodes become inflamed, chills appear symptoms of intoxication – weakness, malaise.
Diagnostics
Alveolitis is diagnosed by clinical symptoms, examination of the oral cavity. In case of acute pains that last more than 4-5 days, it is necessary to consult a specialist, in some cases hospitalization in the department of maxillofacial surgery is even possible.
The appearance of the dental well is diagnostically important – a healthy well is tightened on the third or fourth day, closed with granulations. With alveolitis, the hole is expanded, bone is visible at the bottom, purulent discharge may be present.
Of the instrumental methods of research, radiography of the jaws, as well as radiovasography of the dental well, are used.
treatment
The main goal in the treatment of alveolitis is to stop and eliminate the source of infection as soon as possible. Early diagnosis and treatment prevents the development of complications – flux, gangrene of the jaw, sepsis. Treatment is divided into general and local. Local treatment includes mechanical cleaning of the well, sanitation with antibacterial drugs, drainage for the outflow of exudate. Lotions with antiseptic and analgesic solutions are also used. Lotions help to tighten the tooth hole, reduce pain. In addition, antibacterial therapy is prescribed, taking into account the sensitivity of microorganisms to antibiotics. In the presence of opportunistic (concomitant) diseases, the correction of the underlying disease is carried out. Also prescribed drugs that increase immunity, vitamin therapy. In the subacute period, various methods of physiotherapy are used.
