AIDS
AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. This is the terminal stage of the development of HIV infection, in which there is a total susceptibility of the human body to external infectious agents.
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome develops as a result of an advanced infection caused by the human immunodeficiency virus. HIV virus is a virus of the retrovirus family, currently 2 serotypes are known. The HIV virus is extremely unstable in the external environment, quickly dies in antiseptic solutions, alcohol, when boiling water.
Ways of transmission of HIV infection – together with biological fluids (semen, blood, breast milk, vaginal secretions).
classification
According to the World Health Organization, the most adequate structuring of HIV has been developed and compiled/AIDS. Until 1988, the classification included only 4 stages – 1,2,3,4, where 3 – preSPID, 4 – Developed AIDS. In 1989, the classification was revised and the version compiled by Pokrovsky was taken as the standard.
The stage of the incubation period.
The stage of primary symptoms is a febrile phase, a phase without any symptoms, generalized lymphadenopathy.
Generalized persistent lymphadenopathy is also divided into several stages – loss of body weight up to 10 percent, exacerbation of various lesions of the body – fungal, bacterial, viral, frequent sinusitis, colds. The second stage is the loss of body weight already more than 10% of the initial body weight, difficult–to-treat bacterial diseases, the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma, skin and mucous membrane damage. The third stage is generalized persistent fungal, protozoal, viral, bacterial diseases, generalized candidiasis, tuberculosis, central nervous system damage, cachexia, pneumonia.
Terminal stage
SYMPTOMS OF HIV INFECTION AND AIDS
For some time, the human immunodeficiency virus multiplies in the body, and the immune system is not yet able to recognize it as a foreign subject, the person does not make any complaints. The first sign that may indicate the development of HIV infection is an enlargement of the lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy). Also, a person feels constant fatigue, weakness and malaise. The body temperature rises to subfebrile (37 degrees) sometimes to febrile (38 degrees) and lasts for a long time. The patient notes increased sweating at night and chills during the day. Against the background of fever, fungal diseases manifest themselves – candidiasis of the oral cavity, thrush, herpes appears. The patient loses his appetite and at the same time pathologically loses weight quickly for unexplained reasons. Further, with the development of the disease and greater suppression of the immune system, more and more opportunistic infections and diseases are connected, most often pulmonary tuberculosis develops, which is not treatable. At the stage of severe immunodeficiency, a person is concerned about prolonged diarrhea, weight loss of more than 10% of body weight, shingles, disorders of the central nervous system. In the terminal stage, a person dies from concomitant diseases.
diagnostics
The presence of human immunodeficiency virus in the human body is confirmed by serological blood tests – ELISA, PCR, RNG and others. The diagnosis of AIDS is carried out on the basis of laboratory and clinical signs. AIDS is given to people with HIV-positive laboratory tests who have one or more conditionally pathogenic diseases (candidiasis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, dysbiosis and others) or oncological diseases, or with laboratory indicators of CD4 lymphocyte cells in an amount less than 200 per microliter.
treatment
The terminal stage of HIV infection – acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cannot be treated. At the only developing stage of the disease, Highly active antiretroviral therapy with antiviral drugs, the use of immunomodulators, and strengthening of the body are used.
